未来新疫苗引入的优先考虑:埃塞俄比亚国家免疫技术咨询小组的经验
Solomon Tessema Memirie1, Telahun Teka2, Amha Mekasha3
1Addis Center for Ethics and Priority Setting, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Bergen Center for Ethics and Priority Setting (BCEPS), Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Vaccine
|November 2, 2025
概括
埃塞俄比亚优先使用结构化决策分析工具引入六价和红疹疫苗. 这种系统的方法指导了未来的疫苗优先级,在资源限制的情况下.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 免疫政策 免疫政策
背景情况:
- 埃塞俄比亚面临着越来越多的新疫苗引入需求,资源有限,捐助者支持下降.
- 基于证据的优先考虑对于在国家免疫计划中有效分配资源至关重要.
- 埃塞俄比亚国家免疫技术咨询小组 (ENITAG) 寻求一个结构化的方法来指导新的疫苗引入.
研究的目的:
- 描述ENITAG使用多标准决策分析 (MCDA) 工具来确定新疫苗优先级的经验.
- 为埃塞俄比亚在2026-2030年期间引入和测序新疫苗提供指导.
- 将新疫苗引入优先级和序列工具 (NVI-PST) 适应和应用到埃塞俄比亚的环境中.
主要方法:
- 将NVI-PST工具适用于埃塞俄比亚,涉及联邦卫生部和合作伙伴.
- 列出了六种候选疫苗:六值疫苗,红疹 (MR),脑膜炎球菌 (MMCV),伤寒 (TCV),霍乱 (OCV) 和RSV疫苗.
- 根据重要性和可行性选择并加权13个标准,通过工作组收集数据进行参与式评分和排名过程.
主要成果:
- 由于公共卫生的重要性和可行性,六价和红疹疫苗的早期引入优先级最高.
- RSV和MMCV疫苗被列为中等优先级;TCV和OCV作为常规免疫的较低优先级.
- 建议考虑了现有的限制,包括即将推出的疫苗和补充活动,并强调加强ENITAG的能力.
结论:
- 这次演习代表了在埃塞俄比亚向系统的,基于证据的免疫决策的战略转变.
- 根据MCDA的方法,国家优先事项与卫生系统能力保持一致,为其他低收入国家提供可复制的模型.
- 尽管存在数据和资源方面的挑战,但该过程提高了透明度,并优化了免疫投资.
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