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相关概念视频

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
176
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

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Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow01:26

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow

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Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
209
Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug01:14

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Active Drug, Metabolite and Fraction of Metabolized Drug

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In pharmacotherapy, monitoring drug concentrations is paramount, especially for drugs whose therapeutic effects hinge on both the active compound and its metabolite. Hepatic impairment profoundly influences drug potency by altering liver function. If the drug is more potent than its metabolite, impaired liver function amplifies drug activity due to elevated drug concentration levels. Conversely, if the metabolite holds greater potency, diminished liver function diminishes drug activity by...
206
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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SARS-CoV-2:一个肝脏简报

Youness Limami1, Hicham Wahnou2, Martin Ndayambaje2

  • 1Sciences and Engineering of Biomedicals, Biophysics and Health Laboratory, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco.

WIREs mechanisms of disease
|November 3, 2025
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概括

COVID-19病毒 (SARS-CoV-2) 通过直接感染和免疫反应引起肝损伤. 了解这些机制是治疗COVID-19患者肝损伤的关键.

关键词:
根据COVID-19的情况,在SARS-CoV-2中.肝脏疾病 肝脏疾病

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科学领域:

  • 分子和细胞生理学分子和细胞生理学
  • 传染性疾病 传染性疾病

背景情况:

  • 由SARS-CoV-2引起的COVID-19大流行导致多器官损伤,尤其是肝损伤.
  • 肝功能障碍的机制包括直接的病毒感染,免疫反应 (细胞因子风暴) 和肠肝轴.
  • 已经存在的肝病如MAFLD,ALD和纤维化会增加COVID-19的严重程度.

研究的目的:

  • 探索COVID-19患者肝功能障碍的分子机制.
  • 研究病毒进入肝细胞的途径.
  • 了解免疫反应和先前存在的疾病对COVID-19肝损伤的影响.

主要方法:

  • 审查SARS-CoV-2进入肝细胞的分子机制.
  • 对免疫媒介肝损伤途径的分析.
  • 检查肠肝轴在COVID-19病变发生过程中的作用.

主要成果:

  • SARS-CoV-2利用ACE2 / TMPRSS2和替代受体 (DC-SIGN,AXL) 进入肝细胞.
  • 免疫反应,特别是细胞因子风暴,显著导致肝细胞损伤.
  • 已经存在的肝脏疾病加剧了COVID-19的结果.
  • 后COVID-19并发症包括纤维化进展和持续性肝损伤.
  • 药物诱导性肝损伤 (DILI) 是COVID-19治疗的一个问题.

结论:

  • 了解SARS-CoV-2引起的肝损伤对于患者的治疗结果至关重要.
  • 需要针对性治疗来缓解急性和长期COVID-19中的肝脏并发症.
  • 需要进一步研究慢性炎症,病毒持久性和COVID-19后的自身免疫反应.