在老年人中,在重复性抑制控制期间,体育活动对行为和前额外反应的不同影响
Jae-Hoon Lee1, Minchul Lee2, Min-Seong Ha1,3
1Department of Sport Science, College of Arts and Sports University of Seoul, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Frontiers in aging neuroscience
|November 3, 2025
概括
身体活跃的老年人表现出对认知任务的反应时间有所改善. 虽然神经差异不是神经差异.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
背景情况:
- 衰老与认知能力下降有关,影响执行功能,如选择性抑制.
- 身体活动越来越多地被认为有潜力减轻与年龄相关的认知变化.
- 了解身体活动对认知益处的神经生理基础对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 研究身体活动水平对老年人认知表现和前额叶皮层激活的影响.
- 检查身体活动如何影响选择性抑制和神经生理反应在重复性的认知任务.
主要方法:
- 居住在社区的老年人 (65-85岁) 根据国际体力活动问卷 (IPAQ) 被分为身体活跃 (PA) 和身体不活跃 (PI) 组.
- 参与者在一次会议内连续三个块执行了Stroop任务.
- 使用功能近红外光谱学 (fNIRS) 测量了反应时间和前额叶皮层氧化血红蛋白 (HbO) 水平.
主要成果:
- 身体活跃的小组在任务重复中显著减少了反应时间,这表明性能有所改善.
- 在身体不活跃的组中没有观察到反应时间的显著变化.
- 虽然HbO水平随着时间的推移在特定前额前部区域 (左侧脊侧和右侧腹侧PFC) 增加,但没有发现大脑激活的显著群体差异.
结论:
- 在老年人中,定期体育活动可能会增强认知适应能力和选择性抑制,行为改善比神经差异更明显.
- 这些发现表明,身体活动可以支持衰老中的认知性.
- 这项研究提供了神经生理学证据,支持将体育活动纳入老年人群的认知干预策略.
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