童年时期的苛刻和不可预测性:从生命史理论的方法来理解风险行为
Eugenio J Guzmán-Lavín1, Oriana Figueroa1,2, José Antonio Muñoz-Reyes1
1Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
Frontiers in psychology
|November 3, 2025
概括
儿童时期的苛刻和不可预测性与成年人冒险行为没有明确的联系. 然而,艰难的童年与延迟第一次性交的女性的更高风险倾向有关,突出了背景.
科学领域:
- 进化心理学 进化心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 生命史理论认为,早期的环境塑造了成年人的行为.
- 之前关于童年严酷,不可预测性和冒险性的研究显示出不一致的结果.
- 早期经验和当前行为之间的复杂相互作用需要探索调节变量.
研究的目的:
- 调查童年艰难 (资源稀缺) 和不可预测性 (环境不稳定) 与成年人风险倾向之间的关系.
- 检查与生殖战略相关的权衡 (第一次性交的年龄,初潮的年龄) 作为调节者.
- 评估当前环境因素 (关系状况,家庭支持,贫困) 作为潜在的调节因素.
主要方法:
- 在大学课堂和受控实验室环境中采样了368名个人.
- 评估了人们对童年时期的苛刻和不可预测性.
- 测量了风险倾向,第一次性交的年龄,初潮的年龄,关系状态,感知到的家庭支持和市政贫困率.
主要成果:
- 没有明确的整体关系被发现的感知童年环境和承担风险.
- 儿童时期的残酷感受与风险倾向之间出现了积极的关联,特别是在延迟第一次性交的女性中.
- 探索性分析表明设置依赖的效应,但没有确定一致的模式.
结论:
- 早期环境和成年人冒险之间的关系高度取决于背景.
- 额外的调节变量对于理解童年经历与随后的风险行为之间的联系至关重要.
- 未来的研究应该探索发育因素和环境背景之间的微妙相互作用.
相关概念视频
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Childhood
898
Erik Erikson, a stage theorist, adapted Freud's theory to emphasize social factors in personality development throughout life, a concept known as psychosocial development. Unlike Freud, who focused on early childhood, Erikson believed that personality evolves across eight life stages, each marked by a specific challenge or "crisis." Successful resolution of each stage fosters competence, while failure may lead to feelings of inadequacy.
The first four of Erikson's eight...
The first four of Erikson's eight...
898
Psychosexual Theory of Development
2.1K
Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory of development suggests that early childhood experiences significantly shape personality and behavior. Freud proposed that development is discontinuous, occurring in five distinct stages, each defined by a focus on different erogenous zones. He believed that failure to resolve the conflicts specific to each stage successfully could result in fixation, potentially influencing behavior as adults.
The Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud's psychosexual...
The Five Stages of Psychosexual Development
Freud's psychosexual...
2.1K
The Behavioral Perspective on Personality
761
Behaviorists view personality as primarily shaped by environmental reinforcements and consequences. According to this perspective, behavior is influenced by external stimuli, and individuals adjust their actions based on rewards and punishments. Over time, learning histories — accumulated patterns of reinforcement — play a significant role in shaping personality. Behaviors that lead to positive outcomes are reinforced, while those resulting in negative outcomes are diminished.
761
Conduct Disorder
470
Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
470
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
225
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
225
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence
1.1K
Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, "identity versus role confusion," is crucial during adolescence (ages 12 to 18). In this stage, adolescents face the developmental task of forging a distinct personal identity, a process influenced by social, psychological, and biological changes typical of this period. Adolescents naturally explore different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as they navigate complex questions of self-concept, asking, "Who am I?" and "What is my place in...
1.1K


