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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Efficient Synthesis of All-Carbon Quaternary Centers via the Conjugate Addition of Functionalized Monoorganozinc Bromides
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素键协同催化碳循环:计算机械洞察力

Zhaoyue Wang1, Chang Zhao1, Yanjiang Wang1

  • 1College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hebei Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nanomaterials, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.

The journal of physical chemistry. A
|November 3, 2025
PubMed
概括

素键 (XB) 驱动的催化使药物合成的高效碳循环化成为可能. 双XB激活途径显著降低了能量障碍,提高了反应速度和选择性.

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Halogenation of Alkenes

Halogenation is the addition of chlorine or bromine across the double bond in an alkene to yield a vicinal dihalide. The reaction occurs in the presence of inert and non-nucleophilic solvents, such as methylene chloride, chloroform, or carbon tetrachloride.
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In organic synthesis, the formation of products can be altered by changing the reaction conditions. For example, a dibromo addition product is formed when propene is treated with bromine at room temperature. In contrast, propene undergoes allylic substitution in non-polar solvents at high temperatures to give 3-bromopropene. In order to avoid the addition reaction, the bromine concentration must be kept as low as possible throughout the reaction. This can be achieved using N-bromosuccinimide...
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The thermodynamic favorability of a reaction is determined by the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG). ΔG has two components- enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS). The entropy component is negligible for alkane halogenation because the number of reactants and product molecules are equal. In this case, the ΔG is governed only by the enthalpy component. The most crucial factor that determines ΔH is the strength of the bonds. ΔH can be determined by comparing the energy...
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