在癌症中的线粒体核糖体RNA基因的功能主导热点突变
Sonia Boscenco1,2, Jacqueline Tait-Mulder3, Minsoo Kim1
1Computational Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Nature genetics
|November 3, 2025
概括
研究人员在癌症基因组中发现了线粒体核糖体RNA (mt-rRNA) 基因在线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 内的反复突变. 这些突变会影响线粒体的功能和翻译,这表明它们是致病的,并且在癌症中被选择.
科学领域:
- 基因组学和分子生物学
- 癌症研究 癌症研究
- 线粒体生物学 线粒体生物学
背景情况:
- 大多数癌症突变发生在核DNA的蛋白质编码基因中.
- 线粒体DNA (mtDNA) 突变在癌症中越来越多地被发现.
- 线粒体核糖体RNA (mt-rRNA) 基因突变在癌症中的作用尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在大量癌症基因组中识别线粒体核糖体RNA (mt-rRNA) 基因的反复突变.
- 研究这些mt-rRNA突变对线粒体功能和结构的功能后果.
- 为了确定这些突变是否在癌症发展中处于积极选择状态.
主要方法:
- 对14,106个整个瘤基因组进行了人口规模分析.
- 在线粒体核糖体RNA (mt-rRNA) 基因 (MT-RNR1和MT-RNR2) 中识别突变热点.
- 在线粒体核糖体内突变部位的结构分析.
- 使用精密mtDNA基编辑,对一个特定的MT-RNR1突变 (m.1227G>A) 进行工程.
- 在工程模型中评估线粒体功能和蛋白质水平的多模式分析.
主要成果:
- 在小 (MT-RNR1) 和大 (MT-RNR2) 线粒体核糖体RNA子单元中发现高度复发的突变.
- 线粒体核糖体RNA热点位于功能重要位置,与mRNA和tRNA相互作用.
- 工程突变导致线粒体功能的异质体依赖性下降和呼吸链子单元的损失,从异质体的10%开始.
- 影响mt-rRNA保留位置的突变破坏了线粒体翻译,并且在功能上占主导地位.
结论:
- 线粒体核糖体RNA (mt-rRNA) 基因的突变是癌症中发现的一种独特类型的致病性mtDNA突变.
- 这些突变在癌症基因组中受到积极选择.
- 由mt-rRNA突变破坏线粒体翻译有助于癌症的发展.
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