解决甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎风险:用于注射药物的人的查和预防性护理
Wendy Yao1, Natali Jokanovic1,2, Hashini Herath1
1Pharmacy Department, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
Drug and alcohol review
|November 4, 2025
概括
在注射药物患者中,A型肝炎和B型肝炎查和接种疫苗的比率较低. 需要改进查计划,以增加这些弱势群体的疫苗接种覆盖率.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 注射药物使用者 (PWID) 具有感染甲型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 和乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 的高风险.
- 对于PWID中复杂感染的住院治疗为查和疫苗接种提供了一个关键的窗口.
- 这项研究评估了这一群体对HAV和HBV查和疫苗接种的程度.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估乙型肝炎病毒 (HAV) 和乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 查和疫苗接种率,在入院的注射毒品者 (PWID) 中进行查和疫苗接种.
- 在这个队列中确定与查和疫苗接种状态相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 对住院PWID (2020年1月至2022年12月) 进行了一项回顾性研究.
- 收集了针对HAV (IgG) 和HBV (表面抗原,核心和表面抗体) 的血清学查和疫苗接种的数据.
- 使用描述性统计数据来分析查和疫苗接种率.
主要成果:
- 在35.8%的遭遇中进行了HAV的完整查,在53.5%的遭遇中进行了HBV的完整查.
- 在HAV阴性患者中,接种疫苗率为57.1%,在HBV阴性患者中为58.3%.
- 男性更有可能接受HAV查,而ICU入院与较低的HBV查率有关.
结论:
- 尽管有疫苗接种机会,但在住院的PWID患者中,HAV和HBV的完整查仍然很低.
- 建议使用电子血清学订单集来增强查协议.
- 有针对性的干预措施对于改善PWID中甲型肝炎和乙型肝炎的预防至关重要.
相关概念视频
Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures
3.6K
Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...
3.6K
Standard Precaution
2.7K
Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
2.7K
Preventive Healthcare Services
1.8K
Preventive healthcare services keep people healthy via frequent check-ups, screening, and counseling. They primarily aid in disease prevention rather than treating an acute or chronic illness. Preventive treatment also keeps individuals productive and energetic, allowing them to work well into their retirement years. Examples of preventive care services include:
1.8K
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
817
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
817
Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets
4.5K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
4.5K
Sexually Transmitted Infections
906
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
906


