耐药结核病:提高公共卫生研究和实践的优先病原体
H Manisha Yapa1,2, Emily L-H MacLean1,2, Nicolas A Menzies3
1Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Clinical microbiology reviews
|November 4, 2025
概括
耐药结核病 (DR-TB) 严重影响健康,阻碍全球结核病消除工作. 诊断方面的进步和较新的口腔治疗提供了希望,但全面的,以人为中心的方法对于有效的预防和护理至关重要.
科学领域:
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 抗微生物耐药性 抗微生物耐药性
背景情况:
- 耐药结核病 (DR-TB) 构成了全球重大卫生挑战,导致大量的发病率和死亡率.
- 实现结核病 (TB) 消除目标的进展被DR-TB所减缓,而在COVID-19大流行期间结核病检测率下降所加剧.
- 耐药结核病导致严重的长期残疾,包括慢性肺病,影响患者的生活质量.
研究的目的:
- 审查全球DR-TB流行病学和目前的预防,诊断和治疗策略.
- 发现DR-TB诊断,药物敏感性测试 (DST) 和治疗方案中的差距.
- 为打击DR-TB提供研究和开发优先事项的信息.
主要方法:
- 进行了对全球DR-TB流行病学的叙述性审查.
- 分析了目前用于DR-TB预防,诊断和治疗的策略.
- 研究了DR-TB的新兴诊断和治疗方法.
主要成果:
- 在DR-TB诊断,药物敏感性测试 (DST) 和治疗方面仍然存在重大差距.
- 针对多药耐药结核病的较新的口服治疗方案显示出更好的疗效和更短的治疗持续时间.
- 新型抗生素和先进的治疗药物显示出改善治疗结果和解决安全问题的前景.
结论:
- 需要在诊断方面进行范式转变,确保新测试与新药引入保持一致.
- 迫切需要以个人为中心的研究和增加全球投资,以加快对DR-TB的应对.
- 考虑更广泛的健康决定因素的整体"一健康"方法对于有效的耐药结核病预防和护理至关重要.
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