块性皮肤病的全球扩散:传播趋势,经济后果和预防措施
Pragya Sharma1,2, Devendra Kumar3
1Department of Zoology, University College of Science, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
Veterinary research communications
|November 4, 2025
概括
块状皮肤病 (LSD) 是对牛和水牛的日益严重的全球威胁,通过各种传播途径迅速传播. 对于病媒控制和疫苗接种,迫切需要具体的区域战略,以保护畜牧业经济.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 块状皮肤病 (LSD) 是一种由块状皮肤病病毒 (LSDV) 引起的新兴跨境毒病毒感染.
- 一种Capripoxvirus的LSDV,在全球范围内导致牛和水牛的显著发病率 (高达100%) 和经济损失.
- 这种疾病已经从非洲地区的威胁转变为全球性流行病,在非洲,亚洲和欧洲报告了重大疫情.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前对LSD分子病毒学,传播动态和全球分布的理解.
- 批判性地评估分子诊断工具和现有的LSDV控制措施.
- 发现监视,基础设施和控制战略的差距,特别是在发展中国家.
主要方法:
- 关于结节性皮肤病 (LSD) 分子病毒学,传播和全球分布的综合文献综述.
- 详细检查传染机制,包括直接接触,催化剂的做法,以及媒介传播 (机械和生物).
- 对分子诊断 (PCR,LAMP,NGS) 和疫苗疗效 (活衰减,同源) 的批判性评估.
主要成果:
- 在全球范围内,LSDV通过直接接触,阳性媒介和关节动物载体 (例如,艾迪斯艾吉普蒂,斯托莫克西斯卡尔西特朗斯,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) 传播.
- 由于疫苗和野生菌株之间的相互作用,出现了重组的LSDV菌株.
- 在发展中国家的载体监测,冷链基础设施和诊断可访问性方面存在重大差距.
结论:
- 迫切需要综合的载体控制和特定区域的疫苗策略来管理LSDV.
- 解决LSD对于动物健康,农村生计,粮食安全和经济性至关重要.
- 加强监测,诊断和基础设施对于打击这种被忽视的牲畜疾病至关重要.
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