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TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

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The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Generation of a Three-dimensional Full Thickness Skin Equivalent and Automated Wounding
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在复杂组织再生过程中,TGF-β协调了氨酸基因表达的变化.

Dipak D Meshram1, Yuchang Liu1, Molly Worth1

  • 1School of Bioscience, The University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.

Scientific reports
|November 4, 2025
PubMed
概括

斑马鱼尾部再生需要和TGF-β信号传递. 刺激活TGF-β,该基因调节质蛋白基因 (krt),参与在修复过程中表皮细胞迁移.

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科学领域:

  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 再生医学是一种再生医学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 斑马鱼尾部再生包括伤口修复,启动和重新开发.
  • 刺和TGF-β信号通路对于触发尾巴再生至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 阐明刺和TGF-β信号传递在斑马鱼尾部再生中的作用.
  • 在再生过程中识别由这些途径调节的基因.

主要方法:

  • 在尾巴切除后研究的基因表达变化.
  • 分析了TGF-β-依赖基因表达.
  • 特定的角质蛋白基因 (krt97,krt5) 的映射表达.
  • 使用单细胞RNA测序数据.

主要成果:

  • 刺信号作用于TGF-β的上游,通过诱导tgfb1a.
  • 蛋白基因 (krt) 被分为TGF-β上调 (krt_up) 和下调 (krt_down) 的两组.
  • krt97 (krt_up) 在迁移的上皮质中表达,而krt5 (krt_down) 在静止的上皮质中表达.
  • 这些氨酸表达模式在斑马鱼发育过程中被保留.

结论:

  • 建议krt_up促进集体上皮质迁移,而krt_down则抑制它.
  • 这些发现揭示了TGF-β在启动再生中的机制.
  • 表明细胞骨变化在发育和修复过程中影响细胞运动.