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相关概念视频

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

18.8K
Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
17.1K
Transcription Factors02:16

Transcription Factors

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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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Transposons01:24

Transposons

1.3K
Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
1.3K
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

13.1K
As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
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可转移的元素驱动人类发育中的物种特异性和组织特异性转录组.

Yun Zhang1, Jianqi She1,2,3, Xueyan Hu2

  • 1Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.

Genome biology
|November 4, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

可转移元素 (TE) 驱动人类发育中的基因表达. 这项研究揭示了成千上万的TE启动转录,许多是组织特异的和灵长类动物特异的,塑造基因调节.

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学

背景情况:

  • 可转移元素 (TE) 是丰富的基因组资源.
  • 试管婴儿作为替代促进剂,启动对发育和组织功能至关重要的转录.
  • 人类发育中TE启动的转录的作用尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 描述TE启动的转录在人体组织和胚胎干细胞中的流行和功能.
  • 研究TE启动转录的组织特异激活和进化起源.
  • 了解TE对灵长类特定基因调节网络的贡献.

主要方法:

  • 对 TE 启动的转录的全基因组识别.
  • 对组织特异性转录因子结合基因的分析.
  • 在灵长类动物中对 TE 衍生转录起点 (TSS) 的比较分析.

主要成果:

  • 在40个人体部位和干细胞中确定了14164个TE-启动的转录.
  • 发现80%的这些转录表现出组织特异性的激活.
  • 发现了312种灵长类动物特异性TE衍生的TSS,创造了新的基因表达模式.

结论:

  • 在人类中建立了TE启动转录的全球概况.
  • 在发育过程中更好地了解灵长类动物特异性基因调节网络中TE的作用.
  • 突出了TEs在塑造人类进化适应的意义.