对陌生人强奸和伴侣强奸的惩罚态度之间的不平等:来自跨国调查数据的证据
Andrzej Uhl1, Andrzej Porębski2, Ewa Ilczuk2
1University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Journal of interpersonal violence
|November 5, 2025
概括
公众论往往赞成对伴侣强奸的惩罚较轻,而不是对陌生人强奸. 这种宽容,特别是在斯拉夫国家,与强奸神话和社会对关系内性暴力的接受有关.
科学领域:
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 性虐待的法律定义并没有区分亲密伴侣和陌生人的罪行.
- 然而,公众的看法和判决偏好往往区分这些类型的性暴力.
- 以前的研究表明,社会倾向于宽容亲密关系中的性虐待.
研究的目的:
- 检查公众对亲密关系中的强奸和陌生人强奸的惩罚性.
- 调查不同判决偏好的人口分布和相关性.
- 了解强奸神话和社会信仰在塑造对伴侣强奸态度方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 2021年在六个欧洲国家 (奥地利,捷克,德国,匈牙利,波兰,斯洛伐克) 进行的大规模人口调查 (n=11,383) 的二次分析.
- 受访者被介绍了假设的场景,并被要求选择对伴侣强奸和陌生人强奸的首选刑事判决.
- 使用统计分析来确定与差异性惩罚相关的程度,方向和人口因素.
主要成果:
- 在所有接受调查的国家中,相当一部分受访者赞成对伴侣强奸的刑期较轻,而对陌生人强奸的刑期较轻.
- 陌生人强奸总是得到比伴侣强奸更严厉的判决偏好.
- 对伴侣强奸的宽容在斯拉夫国家,男性中更为明显,并且与年龄,右翼专制主义,社会主导性取向和强奸神话接受有积极的相关性.
结论:
- 公众对性犯罪的惩罚性受到受害者和犯罪者之间的关系的影响.
- 这些发现表明,社会对关系内性暴力的接受和持续的强奸神话有助于不同的判决偏好.
- 解决这些差异需要挑战传统的信仰体系,并打击在亲密关系中性暴力的正常化.
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