2018-2023年澳大利亚儿童的COVID-19和流感死亡:国家病例分析
Jocelynne E McRae1, Yuanfei Anny Huang1, Mehyar Khair Baik1
1National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society
|November 5, 2025
概括
COVID-19和流感在澳大利亚儿童中具有相似的可归因死亡率. 准确的数据对于公共卫生战略和疫苗接种政策至关重要,以预防严重的呼吸道病毒感染.
科学领域:
- 儿童传染病 儿童传染病
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 了解COVID-19和儿童流感的严重程度对于有效的公共卫生策略至关重要,包括疫苗接种.
- 本研究的重点是比较澳大利亚儿科人口中可归因于这些病毒的死亡率.
研究的目的:
- 估计和比较澳大利亚18岁以下儿童的COVID-19 (由SARS-CoV-2引起) 和流感引起的死亡率.
- 通过准确评估这些呼吸道病毒的负担,为公共卫生政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在实验室确认的SARS-CoV-2或流感死亡的住院儿童中使用了病例序列方法.
- 从2020年1月到2023年9月收集了COVID-19的数据,从2018年到2023年9月从八家哨兵儿童医院季节性地收集了流感的数据.
- 一个专家小组评估了每个病毒与死亡的因果关系,并使用国家监测数据计算了死亡率.
主要成果:
- 可归因的住院死亡比例为COVID-19的58%,流感的79%.
- 几乎一半 (47%) 的可归因死亡发生在没有先前伴随疾病的儿童中.
- 每百万人口的调整平均年均死亡率为COVID-19的0.78和流感的1.06.
结论:
- 对于COVID-19和儿童流感的原始死亡率估计可能会高估严重程度,包括非归因死亡.
- 准确的,特定于年龄的可归因死亡率和并发症数据对于制定明智的疫苗接种政策和公共卫生干预措施至关重要.
- 这项研究强调了精确数据对于在儿童群体中管理高负荷呼吸道病毒的重要性.
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