长期和区域规模的数据显示了75年来不同气候变量对鱼体大小的不同趋势
Peter J Flood1, Kaitlin E Schiller1, Katelyn B S King2
1School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Global change biology
|November 5, 2025
概括
气候变化正在缩小鱼类的大小,37%的年龄类别随着时间的推移显示长度下降. 这些变化影响了所有鱼类,可能会影响生态系统和服务.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 气候变化生物学 气候变化生物学
- 鱼类学 鱼类学 鱼类学
背景情况:
- 气候变化正在推动许多生物体体积缩小的全球趋势.
- 现有的假设,如温度大小规则 (TSR) 和代谢理论试图解释这些变化,但经验证据是混合的.
- 发现中的不一致性表明需要探索潜在的机制和物种对变暖的特定反应.
研究的目的:
- 调查从1945年到2020年对13种淡水鱼类的鱼类年龄长度 (增长的代理) 的长期变化.
- 将气候变化变量对鱼类生长的具体影响与其他环境因素分开.
- 调和有关气候变化对人体尺寸影响的相互矛盾的证据.
主要方法:
- 贝叶斯的层次模型被用来分析不同年龄段的平均长度与年龄之间的时间趋势.
- 增强回归树 (BRTs) 用于区分气候变量 (例如,生长度日,表面水温) 与其他环境因素对生长的影响.
- 数据涵盖了1945年至2020年的时间,包括13种淡水鱼类.
主要成果:
- 37%的鱼类年龄类在研究期间平均长度下降 (69%显示质量下降).
- 气候变量具有多种影响:冷水和冷水物种的长度随着度日增加而增加,但随着表面温度升高而长度减少.
- 适应温暖水域的物种通常表现出长度下降,以应对日渐增长的温度和表面温度. 长度与年龄的变化与62%的物种的表面温度趋势保持一致.
- 在所有热学协会和幼鱼中观察到长度的减少,这挑战了温度大小规则中的一些假设.
结论:
- 检测到鱼的长度普遍下降,受特定气候变量和年龄类别的影响.
- 考虑特定年龄的反应和精确的气候指标可以提高对气候变化对身体尺寸影响的可预测性.
- 持续减少鱼的长度,特别是年轻和老个体,对生物多样性,生态系统功能和相关服务构成风险.
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