2018年至2022年巴西孕产妇疫苗接种覆盖率:使用最小和最大估计的横截面描述性分析
Carolina Barbosa Carvalho do Carmo1, Luiza de Lima Pereira1
1Medicine and Health School, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, BRA.
Cureus
|November 5, 2025
概括
巴西的孕产妇疫苗接种覆盖率在COVID-19后显示出弹性,最低覆盖率大幅上升. 然而,区域差异仍然存在,需要针对性的公共卫生战略来持续免疫.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 免疫接种计划 免疫接种计划
背景情况:
- 巴西的国家免疫计划 (PNI) 历来确保了高的疫苗接种率.
- 孕产妇接种疫苗对于保护母亲和婴儿至关重要.
- 由于COVID-19大流行,常规免疫服务中断,影响了孕产妇接种疫苗的覆盖率.
研究的目的:
- 分析2018年至2022年巴西孕产妇疫苗接种覆盖率的趋势.
- 评估COVID-19大流行对孕产妇免疫接种的影响.
- 为了确定疫苗接种覆盖率的区域差异.
主要方法:
- 使用DATASUS数据 (2018-2022) 的横截面描述性研究.
- 包括18-49岁的孕妇.
- 估计的最低 (2剂) 和最大 (5剂) 疫苗接种覆盖率场景,使用活产婴儿作为分母.
主要成果:
- 所有地区的最低覆盖率都增加,到2022年达到86.6%.
- 在研究期间,最大覆盖率在14.3%至34.6%之间.
- 北方地区的最低覆盖率增幅最大;南方和东南地区在2021年出现暂时下降,然后恢复.
结论:
- 巴西的孕产妇疫苗接种覆盖率在流行后恢复,到2020年,大多数地区的最低覆盖率超过70%.
- 在覆盖率和恢复方面观察到显著的区域异质性.
- 需要量身定制的战略来应对低覆盖率和东南地区等地区的恢复,并确保持续的孕产妇免疫接种.
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