性饮食和抑郁和焦虑:系统性审查和元分析
Reinhard Janssen-Aguilar1,2, Tulassi Vije1, Malika Peera1
1Interventional Psychiatry Program, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
JAMA psychiatry
|November 5, 2025
概括
性饮食 (KDs) 在抑郁症症状中显示出适度的改善,特别是在验证了症时. 对缓解焦虑的证据仍然不确,需要使用标准化协议进行进一步的研究.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 营养精神病学 营养精神病学
- 代谢健康 代谢健康
背景情况:
- 基因饮食 (KDs) 假设通过线粒体功能,炎症和神经递质通路影响心理健康.
- 在精神病患者群体中,KDs的治疗疗效尚未得到充分证实.
研究的目的:
- 评估基因饮食 (KD) 与心理健康结果,特别是成年人的抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关联.
- 综合各种研究设计的证据,包括随机临床试验 (RCT) 和准实验 (QSE) 研究.
主要方法:
- 在MEDLINE,Embase和APA PsycINFO进行了系统的文献搜索,并通过手动搜索进行了补充.
- 包括的研究涉及KD的成年人 (≥18岁) (碳水化合物能量<26%或每天<50克),使用验证的精神病学秤进行评估.
- 对RCT和QSE进行了随机效应元分析,提取了数据并评估了偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 对10项RCT的元分析表明,KD和抑郁症状的改善之间存在显著的关联 (SMD, -0.48;95% CI, -0.87至 -0.10).
- 与子监测,非肥胖参与者,非常低碳水化合物饮食和非高碳水化合物比较对象的相关性更强.
- 九个RCT没有显示出对焦虑的显著关联 (SMD, -0.03;95% CI, -0.18至0.12),而QSEs则表明抑郁症 (SMCC, -0.66) 和焦虑症 (SMCC, -0.58) 都得到了一致的改善.
结论:
- 性饮食与抑郁症状的适度改善有关,特别是当生化症得到证实时.
- 证据证明KD在减少焦虑症状方面的有效性是不确定的.
- 需要进一步进行强大的试验,采用标准化方案,结构化支持和经过验证的结果,以确认精神病患者群体中KD的疗效和耐用性.
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