集成除尘装置在钻机上的有效性
Adam Clarke1, John Saunders1, Kerry Grindle1
1HSE Science Division, Health and Safety Executive's Science and Research Centre, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, United Kingdom.
Annals of work exposures and health
|November 5, 2025
概括
集成的局部排气通风 (LEV) 在钻井过程中有效控制可呼吸晶体二氧化 (RCS) 尘埃,与外部系统相比. 然而,集成式灰尘箱的频繁排空需要谨慎管理,以尽量减少工人接触危险灰尘.
科学领域:
- 职业健康和安全问题 职业健康和安全问题
- 工业卫生 工业卫生
- 环境工程 环境工程
背景情况:
- 钻探含有二氧化的材料会产生可呼吸的晶体二氧化 (RCS) 尘埃,这是已知的导致严重的肺部疾病的原因,如病.
- 局部排气通风 (LEV) 是推的控制实践,用于在钻井过程中产生的尘埃.
- 集成LEV系统在便携性和成本方面比传统的外部LEV系统具有潜在的优势,但其有效性尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在钻井过程中,与外部LEV相比,评估集成LEV系统的防尘效率.
- 在使用不同的LEV配置时,评估工人暴露于RCS尘埃的潜在风险.
主要方法:
- 使用实时可呼吸尘埃监测器测量了四个集成LEV单元和一个外部LEV系统的捕获效率.
- 在一小时的混凝土钻井中进行个人空气采样,以评估没有LEV,集成LEV和外部LEV的暴露.
主要成果:
- 集成LEV单元的吸收效率高,可呼吸尘埃的吸收效率高,从98.6%到99.6%.
- 带有自密封罩的外部LEV显示了相似的效率 (99.4%至99.8%).
- 个人暴露测试显示显著减少:集成LEV的87.6%,外部LEV的93.3%. 综合LEV的性能略低,与更频繁的垃圾桶排空期间的灰尘释放有关.
结论:
- 集成的LEV系统在钻井过程中提供了有效的可呼吸尘埃控制,与外部系统相比.
- 集成LEV的设计和维护,特别是除尘箱排空程序,对于工人保护至关重要.
- 使用集成LEV的工人可能需要额外的控制措施,如室外排空和呼吸道保护设备 (RPE),以减轻暴露风险.
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