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编码的现象学:经验采样揭示了与保留视觉和语言材料相关的想法

Brecken Marome¹, Shivang Shelat², Jonathan W Schooler¹

¹Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

Consciousness and cognition

|November 5, 2025

概括

记忆任务期间的思维游荡会损害编码,但并非所有想法都是平等的. 任务相关的想法,特别是那些有意识和内在语言的想法,可以提高记忆性能,突出了内在经验在认知中的重要性.

科学领域:

认知心理学认知心理学
神经科学是一个神经科学.
实验心理学实验心理学

背景情况:

在任务中持续的想法提供了对认知过程的洞察力.
实验心理学经常忽视心理经验,专注于任务执行.
了解思想的现象学对于一个完整的认知模型至关重要.

研究的目的:

在记忆编码过程中调查与任务无关的想法 (TUT) 和与任务相关的想法 (TRT) 的现象学.
检查思想维度和记忆表现对口头和视觉刺激之间的关系.
确定注意力缺失和思想品质如何影响编码成功.

主要方法:

在记忆编码任务中使用思维探测器采样经验.
参与者评价了他们思想的维度 (任务相关性,意识,图像等). ) 的情况.
两项实验使用了口头和视觉刺激,随后进行了识别记忆测试.

主要成果:

与任务无关的想法 (TUTs) 强有力的预测了识别记忆失败,表明注意力缺失损害了编码.
在TUT期间的超意识在一个实验中显示出保护作用,但在另一个实验中没有.
以意识和内在语言为特征的与任务相关的想法与增强的记忆性能有独特的联系.
语言刺激引起了更多的听觉图像;视觉刺激引起了更多的无定向,视觉图像和情感.

结论:

由 TUT 发出信号的注意力缺失显著干扰记忆编码.
与任务相关的想法不是单一的; 特定的品质,如意识和内在的言语增强记忆力.
需要结合现象学观点的综合性方法,才能充分理解认知和记忆编码.

关键词:

经验采样采样经验采样长期记忆长期记忆长期记忆可以记住的记忆力.心灵的流浪 - - 心灵的流浪现象学的现象学认可承认认可

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