骨架物质:重塑生物考古学的当前方法,以实现更具包容性的未来
1Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
International journal of paleopathology
|November 5, 2025
概括
生物考古学可以通过采用后人类主义和新唯物主义理论来克服偏见. 这些方法将过去的身体重新定义为关系物质,超越过时的二元论,进行更具包容性的研究.
科学领域:
- 生物考古学的生物考古学
- 古病理学 古病理学
- 理论框架 理论框架
背景情况:
- 生物考古学已经发展了细微的理论,但仍然植根于生物文化范式,经常延续排斥和偏见.
- 不同的思维 (生物学/文化,身体/社会) 限制了对复杂的生物考古证据的充分考虑.
- 现有的理论框架可以无意识地在学科内实施伤害和偏见.
研究的目的:
- 突出后人类主义和新唯物主义对重构生物考古学和古病理学的有用性.
- 为了证明这些理论如何将焦点从二分论转移到人类,并强调物质是关系的和"在进程中".
- 将Karen Barad的"内部行动"和"代理现实主义"的概念应用于生物考古学证据.
主要方法:
- 后人类主义和新唯物主义概念的理论讨论和应用.
- 专注于卡伦·巴拉德的"内部行动"和"代理现实主义".
- 通过各种例子进行说明:古病理学,健康和疾病的发育起源,权力结构和解殖生物考古学.
主要成果:
- 重构身体,使其在生理和时间上没有界限.
- 视骨为关系物质,与环境和社会因素 (植物,动物,气候等) 共同构成. ) 的情况.
- 提供了一个解决纪律偏见和缺陷的框架.
结论:
- 后人类主义和新唯物主义为生物考古学和古病理学提供了宝贵的理论资源.
- 采用这些观点可以帮助克服学科当前的偏见和缺陷.
- 这种理论转变促进了更真实的包容性研究实践,并产生了新的见解.
相关概念视频
01:12Carbon Skeletons
113.8K
Life on Earth is carbon-based, as all macromolecules that make up living organisms contain carbon atoms. All organic compounds have a carbon backbone. Each carbon atom is tetravalent and can bond with four other atoms, making it an extraordinarily flexible component of biological molecules. Because carbon’s valence electrons are stable, it rarely becomes an ion. As the carbon chain increases in length, structural modifications such as ring structures, double bonds, and branching side...
113.8K
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
3.3K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.3K
02:56The Fossil Record
27.0K
The fossil record documents only a small fraction of all organisms that have ever inhabited Earth. Fossilization is a rare process, and most organisms never become fossils. Moreover, the fossil record only exhibits fossils that have been discovered. Nevertheless, sedimentary rock fossils of long-lived, abundant, hard-bodied organisms dominate the fossil record. These fossils offer valuable information, such as an organism's physical form, behavior, and age. Studying the fossil record helps...
27.0K
01:40Bone Remodeling
40.2K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.2K
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
3.9K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
3.9K
01:24Diversity of Archaea II
443
Archaea, one of the three domains of life, exhibit remarkable diversity and adaptability, thriving in both extreme and moderate environments. Historically, most identified archaea have been classified into two major phyla: Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. However, recent molecular studies have expanded this classification to include three additional phyla: Thaumarchaeota, Nanoarchaeota, and Korarchaeota, each exhibiting unique characteristics and ecological roles.Thaumarchaeota: Mesophiles...
443