相对年龄影响和影响精英中国青少年男子篮球运动员体育表现
Jiaxin Deng1, Yongfeng Liu2, Tong Wang1
1School of Sports Training Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China.
BMC pediatrics
|November 5, 2025
概括
相对年龄效应 (RAE) 在中国青年男子篮球中存在,有利于今年早些时候出生的运动员. 这影响了运动员的表现和团队动态,突出了对干预策略的需求.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 人才识别 人才识别
- 青年体育发展 青少年体育发展
背景情况:
- 相对年龄影响 (RAE) 是全球体育运动中记录的现象.
- 虽然RAE在各种中国体育运动中得到了注意,但其在中国青年男子篮球中的存在仍然未经检查.
- RAE与人才识别偏见和体育参与中的不平等有关.
研究的目的:
- 调查中国青年男子篮球队中RAE的存在.
- 为了确定RAE对个人运动员和团队表现的影响.
- 为制定减轻RAE影响的策略提供数据.
主要方法:
- 在中国青少年篮球锦标赛 (2021-2023) 中,分析了U14,U15和U17类别的3926名男性运动员的出生日期和表现排名.
- 出生月份分为季度和学期的分类.
- 统计分析使用千平方和统治比率测试来比较观察到的与理论上的出生日期分布.
主要成果:
- 相对年龄的影响在所有三个年龄组都具有统计学意义 (p < .001).
- 在上半年出生的运动员中,运动员比例更高:61.2% (U14),59.9% (U15),59.0% (U17).
- 在第一季度出生的运动员占参与者的38.6% (U14),35.8% (U15),34.8% (U17).
结论:
- 相对年龄的影响显著影响中国青年男子篮球的表现结果.
- 历年早些时候出生的运动员,特别是15岁以下的运动员,更有可能取得优异的成绩.
- 研究结果表明,RAE有助于运动成绩的差异,需要进行干预以确保机会平等.
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