进口竞争和死亡率的种族差异:日本贸易冲击的证据
Pinka Chatterji1, Chun-Yu Ho1, Quan Qi1
1Department of Economics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, USA.
Health economics
|November 5, 2025
概括
日本进口量的增加与心血管疾病 (CVD) 和与药物相关的死亡率的增加有关,特别是在美国的黑人男性中. 事故死亡率下降,主要是白人.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 国际贸易对国内经济和公共卫生结果产生重大影响.
- 以前的研究已经探讨了贸易对就业和工资的影响,但对死亡率的影响较少.
- 健康状况的种族和区域差异需要进行详细的调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查日本进口增加与美国死亡率之间的因果关系.
- 确定贸易影响的特定死亡原因,包括心血管疾病 (CVD),意外和绝望死亡.
- 检查这些与贸易相关的死亡率影响中的种族和人口差异.
主要方法:
- 利用转移-分享工具变量方法来分析美国死亡率数据.
- 研究了日本进口竞争与各种死亡率之间的关联.
- 按种族,年龄,性别和行业集中度分类的发现.
主要成果:
- 较高的日本进口与心血管疾病死亡率和与药物有关的死亡率增加有关,特别是在黑人中.
- 进口竞争增加1000美元,与每10万黑人中心血管疾病和与毒品有关的死亡人数大幅增加有关.
- 事故死亡率下降,主要是白人;影响集中在男性人口和特定行业.
结论:
- 贸易引起的经济变化对美国的死亡率产生了不同的影响,种族和人口差异显著.
- 心血管疾病和与药物相关的死亡率增加不成比例地由进口影响地区的黑人男性承担.
- 政策干预可能需要减轻贸易对健康的不利影响,特别是对弱势群体的不利影响.
相关概念视频
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
1.2K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
1.2K
Relative Risk
1.8K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
1.8K
Hazard Ratio
554
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
For example, in a clinical trial...
554
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
94.8K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
94.8K
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
542
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
542
Truncation in Survival Analysis
563
Truncation in survival analysis refers to the exclusion of individuals or events from the dataset based on specific criteria related to the time of the event. This exclusion can happen in two primary forms: left truncation and right truncation.
Left truncation occurs when individuals who experienced the event of interest before a certain time are not included in the study. This is often due to a "delayed entry" into the study where only those who survive until a certain entry point are...
Left truncation occurs when individuals who experienced the event of interest before a certain time are not included in the study. This is often due to a "delayed entry" into the study where only those who survive until a certain entry point are...
563


