在数字患者双胞胎中实现人口 robustness:解决性别数据差距
Dana Mahr1, Meike Hebich2, Nora Weinberger1
1Institute for Technology Assessment and Systems Analysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany.
Digital health
|November 6, 2025
概括
数字患者双胞胎需要基于性别和性别的公平,以确保公平和准确性. 当前的模型往往低于不同人群的代表性,导致精准医学中的健康不平等.
科学领域:
- 数字健康数字健康
- 生物医学信息学是生物医学信息学.
- 卫生公平性健康公平性
背景情况:
- 数字患者双胞胎 (DPT) 是精准医学的新兴工具,模拟个人健康.
- 它们的有效性和公平性取决于代表性数据和公正的算法.
- 现有的DPT举措经常表现出偏见,过度代表某些人口统计数据.
研究的目的:
- 争取性别和基于性别的平等作为DPT设计和实施的核心原则.
- 突出目前的DPT如何延续健康差异,原因是多元人口的代表性不足.
- 为创造公平和临床有效的DPT提出解决方案.
主要方法:
- 这篇意见稿综合了心脏病学,内分泌学,心理健康和医疗器械研究的证据.
- 它分析了与DPT相关的研究和应用中存在偏见的记录实例.
- 作者借鉴了临床研究中结构性偏差的已知知识.
主要成果:
- 目前的DPT举措不成比例地代表了男性,白人和富裕人口.
- 妇女,性别多样化个体和有色人种的代表性不足,导致误诊和不准确.
- 例如,女性对心力衰竭的认知不足,以及对黑色皮肤颜色的女性过度估计氧和度.
结论:
- 临床研究中的结构性偏见有助于DPT不平等.
- 解决这些问题需要均衡的数据,以性别和性别为基础的设计,参与式方法和子组验证.
- 在DPT中公平是必不可少的,以避免加剧现有的健康差异,并实现个性化医学的潜力.
相关概念视频
02:45The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes
9.4K
In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female...
9.4K
01:52Regression Toward the Mean
6.8K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.8K
02:19The Y Chromosome Determines Maleness
7.8K
The Y chromosome is a sex chromosome found in several vertebrates and mammals, including humans. In addition to 22 pairs of autosomes, the human males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. In these organisms, the presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines the development of male traits.
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
Evolution
Around 300 million years ago, the two sex chromosomes diverged from two identical autosomal chromosomes. Over time, the Y chromosome has lost most of its genes, shrinking in size....
7.8K
01:43Sex-linked Disorders
108.2K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
108.2K
01:26Longitudinal Studies
456
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
456
01:19X-linked Traits
58.2K
In most mammalian species, females have two X sex chromosomes and males have an X and Y. As a result, mutations on the X chromosome in females may be masked by the presence of a normal allele on the second X. In contrast, a mutation on the X chromosome in males more often causes observable biological defects, as there is no normal X to compensate. Trait variations arising from mutations on the X chromosome are called “X-linked”.
58.2K