Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.5K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.5K
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.5K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.5K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

897
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
897
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

4.0K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
4.0K
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.1K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.1K
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

3.0K
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
3.0K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Uncontrollability of experimental pain decreases pain intensity and relief pleasantness ratings in a between-group design.

Pain reports·2026
Same author

Acute placebo responsiveness predicts longitudinal expectation effects in antidepressant treatment.

Translational psychiatry·2026
Same author

Temporal predictions shape somatosensory perception.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Factors Associated With Self-Medication to Mitigate Vaccine Reactions After COVID-19 Vaccination: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety·2026
Same author

Auditory Hyperresponsivity in Chronic Back Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Pain Reprocessing Therapy.

Annals of neurology·2026
Same author

Peripheral Expression of Dopamine Genes as a Biomarker for Cocaine Addiction in Humans.

European addiction research·2026

相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

4.4K

在慢性阿片类药物使用者中增加了避免学习.

Caspar J Geissler1, Tsen Vei Lim2, Herbert A Görne3

  • 1Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.

JAMA psychiatry
|November 6, 2025
PubMed
概括

阿片类药物成与从负面结果中增加避免学习有关,这是以前在人类中没有观察到的发现. 这表明,即使在早期的阿片类药物使用中,负面强化也起着作用,为治疗提供了新的可能性.

更多相关视频

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

17.7K
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.8K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm
09:00

Investigating Pain-Related Avoidance Behavior using a Robotic Arm-Reaching Paradigm

Published on: October 3, 2020

4.4K
A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats
04:11

A Conditioned Place Preference Protocol for Measuring Incubation of Craving in Rats

Published on: November 6, 2018

17.7K
A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats
06:11

A Conflict Model of Reward-seeking Behavior in Male Rats

Published on: February 20, 2019

7.8K

科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 精神病学是一个精神病学.
  • 行为科学 行为科学

背景情况:

  • 阿片类药物危机带来了重大的公共卫生挑战,包括治疗不良坚持和学率.
  • 增加避免倾向可能是阿片类药物成的基础,但这在人类中尚未经验证明.

研究的目的:

  • 调查阿片类药物成是否以增加避免学习为特征.
  • 为了确定是否增加避免学习也存在于慢性非成阿片类药物使用的个体.

主要方法:

  • 德国的一项病例控制研究,涉及有或没有阿片类药物成的个人,使用概率增强学习任务.
  • 计算建模评估了从财务损失和避免中获得的学习,以及强迫性和避免的自我报告措施.
  • 参与者从门诊诊所招募,数据分析时间为2025年1月至2025年2月.

主要成果:

  • 无论是阿片类药物成者还是长期不成的阿片类药物使用者,都表现出从负面强化中增加的学习和减少的选择一致性.
  • 避开学习变异预测了日常生活避开行为和强迫性阿片类药物使用严重程度.
  • 两组之间在从货币损失中学习或响应重复倾向方面没有发现显著差异.

结论:

  • 这项研究提供了第一个支持临床前研究结果的人类证据,这些证据支持了负面增强在阿片类药物成中的作用.
  • 即使在阿片类药物使用的早期阶段,消极强化似乎也很重要.
  • 研究结果表明,阿片类药物成预防和治疗策略的新途径.