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相关概念视频

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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The Central Dogma01:20

The Central Dogma

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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
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RNA Editing02:23

RNA Editing

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RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification where a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) nucleotide sequence is changed by base insertion, deletion, or modification. The extent of RNA editing varies from a few hundred bases, in mitochondrial DNA of trypanosomes, to a just single base, in nuclear genes of mammals. Even a single base change in the pre-mRNA can convert a codon for one amino acid into the codon for another amino acid or a stop codon. This type of re-coding can significantly affect the...
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Recombinant DNA01:09

Recombinant DNA

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Overview
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相关实验视频

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In Vitro Synthesis of Modified mRNA for Induction of Protein Expression in Human Cells
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利用被破坏的DNA调节mRNA翻译以控制和顺序蛋白质表达.

Jihun Choi1, Tae Ung Jeong1, Francis Cabanting1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
|November 6, 2025
PubMed
概括

研究人员使用"受损"的DNA来控制信使RNA (mRNA) 的翻译速度. 这种方法可以通过调节蛋白质表达时间和速率而实现更安全,个性化的mRNA疗法,而不会产生有毒副产品.

关键词:
基础切除修复的基础切除修复修复DNA的修复DNA的修复调节的mRNA翻译 调节的mRNA翻译顺序表达式是指一个顺序表达式.在mRNA疗法中使用的mRNA疗法

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科学领域:

  • 生物技术是生物技术.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 药物运输 药物运输 药物运输

背景情况:

  • 使者RNA (mRNA) 对疫苗和疗法具有重大前景.
  • 目前的研究主要集中在增加蛋白质表达,忽视了对翻译动学的控制.
  • 从mRNA迅速释放的抗原可能会导致免疫过度刺激和不良影响的风险.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种方法来精确控制mRNA翻译速率和时间.
  • 提高基于mRNA的疗法的安全性和个性化.
  • 探索改造DNA作为mRNA转换的生物相容调节剂的使用.

主要方法:

  • 利用含有脱氧氨的DNA与mRNA的5端混合,以抑制翻译启动.
  • 采用基切除修复 (BER) 来取代DNA,从而实现受控的蛋白质表达.
  • 多种多样的DNA链长度来调节翻译速率和发病.

主要成果:

  • 证明DNA杂交有效地抑制mRNA翻译启动.
  • 展示了DNA链的长度决定了翻译动力学;一个52nt的DNA链导致表达速度减慢20倍,延迟200分钟.
  • 从单个尾酒中启用了多个mRNA的顺序表达.
  • 证实该策略不需要mRNA化学修饰,也不产生有毒的副产品,只产生可回收的DNA片段.

结论:

  • 开发了一种广泛适用和生物相容的策略,使用DNA控制mRNA翻译.
  • 这种方法可以精确调节蛋白质表达动力学,这对于安全和个性化的mRNA疗法至关重要.
  • 基于DNA的方法是无毒的,并允许顺序基因表达,扩大mRNA技术的实用性.