一种针对糖蛋白D的脂质纳米颗粒封装的mRNA疫苗,产生强大的保护性免疫力,对抗伪狂犬病病毒
Yue Sun1, Shi-Jia Xu1, Yongfei Zhou2,3,4
1State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
Journal of virology
|November 6, 2025
概括
使用mRNA-脂质纳米颗粒 (mRNA-LNP) 的新型伪狂犬病病毒 (PRV) 疫苗显示,它有望保护猪和小鼠. 这种先进的疫苗为传统的PRV疫苗提供了更安全,更有效的替代方案.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 疫苗技术技术 疫苗技术
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- 伪狂犬病病毒 (PRV) 对猪生产和公共卫生构成重大威胁,原因是目前疫苗的毒性变种和局限性.
- 常规疫苗可能在非目标物种中具有残留病原性,需要更安全的替代品.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估一种新型的脂质纳米粒子封装mRNA疫苗 (mRNA-LNPs),表达PRV糖蛋白D (gD).
- 在小鼠和猪模型中评估gD mRNA-LNPs疫苗对PRV感染的疗效和安全性.
主要方法:
- 编码PRV gD. 的工程 mRNA-LNP.
- 接种疫苗和挑战的小鼠和猪模型.
- 评估了幽默免疫 (中和抗体) 和细胞免疫 (T细胞增殖,IFN-γ产生).
- 评估了对致命的PRV挑战,病毒载荷,病毒分泌和组织病理损伤的保护.
主要成果:
- gD mRNA-LNPs疫苗接种诱导了小鼠和小猪的强有力的中和抗体.
- 在小鼠中观察到对致命的PRV挑战的完全保护.
- 小猪在挑战后显示病毒载荷降低,病毒分泌减少,组织损伤减轻.
- 该疫苗激活了抗原特异性CD4+和CD8+T细胞,并增强了IFN-γ的产生.
结论:
- gD mRNA-LNP代表了在敏感物种中对PRV进行控制的安全有效的疫苗候选者.
- 这种平台在可扩展性和生物安全性方面比传统的PRV疫苗具有优势.
- 这项技术与"一个健康"战略相一致,旨在根除PRV并减少动物传染病威胁.
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