儿童和成年人认为,寻求真相应该胜过党派主义
Joshua Rottman1, Zoe Favilla1, Nithyasri Ramaswamy1
1Department of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College.
Journal of experimental psychology. General
|November 6, 2025
概括
人们重视寻求真理和修改信仰,即使这挑战了群体的忠诚度. 这种偏爱准确性而不是党派信仰,从六岁起就显而易见,这表明与未经支持的群体信仰的不一致.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 个人经常在保持准确的信仰和坚持党派团体共识之间面临冲突.
- 了解人们如何评价那些将真相优先于群体忠诚的人对于理解信仰形成和社会动态至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查成人和儿童如何评估那些在追求真相的过程中不同于群体内共识的个人.
- 检查现实世界的政治分裂与假设场景对这些评估的影响.
主要方法:
- 美国进行了两项预先注册的研究,共632名成人和儿童 (年龄在6~9岁) 参与其中.
- 参与者评估了涉及信息搜索,信念变化,信念静止和在相互冲突的群体间意识形态中的外组信念认可的场景.
- 评估在假设的虚构团体和现实世界的政治分裂问题之间进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 成人和儿童都普遍赞扬个人寻求真相,修改信仰,并支持基于证据的外部群体信仰.
- 当参与者自己的政治团体的信仰在现实世界问题上受到威胁时,对寻求真相的积极评价不那么明显.
- 这些积极的评价在假设的场景中更强烈,这些场景包含虚构的团体和新的信仰.
结论:
- 人们通常赞同准确性的可取性,即使以牺牲团队忠诚为代价,这是六岁时被认可的价值.
- 形成和保持没有支持的党派信仰的倾向往往与个人反射支持的认识价值观相矛盾.
- 研究结果强调了在党派背景下所拥护的认识价值观和实际信仰坚持之间存在潜在的脱节.
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