基于风险的查计划用于癌症诊断:一个系统的审查与叙事综合
Yong Yi Tan1, Sara Tasnim1, Mohammad Fahmy Bin Fadzil1
1Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|November 6, 2025
概括
基于风险的查 (RBS) 为基于年龄的癌症查提供了一个有希望的替代方案. 这次审查发现,RBS可以提高吸收和检测率,但在广泛实施之前需要更多的长期数据.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 基于风险的查 (RBS) 正在成为癌症检测的新策略,可能会改进传统的基于年龄的方法.
- 现有的关于RBS计划在现实世界中实施和结果的证据是分散在各种癌症类型.
- 系统审查对于巩固当前关于RBS方法及其有效性的知识至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合各种癌症类型的基于风险的查 (RBS) 程序的方法和结果.
- 评估与RBS相关的实施策略,诊断准确性和临床结果.
- 为了确定扩大RBS计划的证据基础中的差距.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,Web of Science,Cochrane,Scopus) 进行了全面的系统搜索,截至2024年7月.
- 包括的研究包括前性试验,随机对照试验 (RCT) 和无症状人群中RBS的回顾性评估.
- 对地理分布,人口特征,RBS方法,诊断准确性和临床结果的数据进行了叙述合成.
主要成果:
- 包括33项研究,主要关注结肠直肠,乳腺和前列腺癌,大多数试验来自中国,荷兰和美国.
- 算法方法 (48.5%) 是最常见的分层方法,其次是验证的风险模型 (39.4%).
- 与传统查相比,RBS在中等风险群体的吸收率更高,并且证明了成本效益,改善了质量调整后的寿命年数,以及优越或非劣势的癌症检测率.
结论:
- 基于风险的查具有优化医疗保健资源配置,最大限度地减少患者伤害和提高查接受度的巨大潜力.
- 实施结果表明,采用和检测率有利,有成本效益的证据.
- 需要进一步的研究来评估RBS计划的长期结果,然后才能广泛扩展.
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