通过抗体增强病毒感染及其后果
Corentin Morvan1, Magloire Pandoua Nekoua1, Cyril Debuysschere1
1Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR
|November 7, 2025
概括
抗体可以意外地增强病毒感染,影响疾病和流行病. 了解这种抗体依赖增强对于开发有效的抗病毒疗法和疫苗至关重要.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 抗体通常会中和病毒,但可以矛盾地增强感染.
- 这种现象被称为抗体依赖增强 (ADE),影响各种DNA和RNA病毒,包括登革热和肠道病毒.
- ADE涉及病毒进入的增加或宿主细胞中抑制的抗病毒反应.
研究的目的:
- 批判性地审查抗体依赖增强病毒感染的机制和影响.
- 检查影响ADE活动的因素及其在病毒病原和流行病中的作用.
- 讨论ADE在抗病毒免疫疗法的设计中的相关性.
主要方法:
- 对抗体介导病毒增强的体外和体内研究的综述.
- 分析影响抗体功效的因素,如阿福克索化,亲和力和表位素可访问性.
- 检查分析ADE在流行病中的作用的数学模型.
主要成果:
- 抗体可以增强Fcγ受体携带细胞和非Fcγ受体携带细胞的病毒感染.
- 诸如抗体afucosylation,低亲和度和表皮质可访问性等因素可以增加ADE.
- 特定的抗体-病毒复杂几何结构可以抑制ADE.
- ADE可能会导致病毒性疾病病理生理学,慢性感染和流行病的传播.
结论:
- 抗体依赖增强是病毒病原和疾病的重要因素.
- 了解ADE对于设计安全有效的抗病毒策略和疫苗至关重要.
- 对ADE机制和影响因素的进一步研究是有必要的,以改善治疗干预措施.
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