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对从人类唾液中共同分离核酸的提取方法的评估,用于法医体液识别

Minakshi Singh¹, Claire V S Pike², S Krithika²

¹Faculty of Science and Engineering, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, United Kingdom. ms2237@pgr.aru.ac.uk.

International journal of legal medicine

|November 7, 2025

概括

选择正确的核酸提取套件对于准确的法医用微RNA (miRNA) 识别体液至关重要. 与专门的miRNA套件相比,DNA提取套件可能提供更好的miRNA恢复和检测.

科学领域:

法医科学法医科学
分子生物学分子生物学
生物化学生物化学

背景情况:

微RNAs (miRNAs) 显示出潜在的生物标志物,用于识别法医相关的体液.
目前miRNAs的法医应用受到研究间的变异性和缺乏可复制性的阻碍.
核酸提取方法的变化对miRNA检测和法医分析产生了重大影响.

研究的目的:

评估三种常见的核酸提取套件的联合提取性能和miRNA检测效率.
评估不同唾液输入量对核酸产量和miRNA恢复的影响.
为了比较不同提取方法的稳定性和灵敏性,用于法医miRNA分析.

主要方法:

测试了三个核酸提取套件 (AccuPrep基因组DNA提取套件,QIAampDNA迷你套件,miRNeasy组织/细胞高级微型套件) 与五个唾液输入体积.
使用两个量化平台评估核酸产量,纯度和强度 (CV%).
使用两步逆转录定量聚合酶链反应 (RT-qPCR) 协议评估miRNA表达水平.

主要成果:

提取方法和投入物质数量都对核酸回收产生了重大影响.
根据使用的提取套件,观察到miRNA水平的显著变化.
该AccuPrep基因组DNA提取套件产生了最高的核酸回收,并显示出最好的miRNA检测 (最低的Cq值),优于专用的miRNA提取套件.

结论:

核酸提取套件的选择极大地影响了用于法医应用的miRNA的产量,质量和检测.
在法医背景下,DNA提取套件可以有效地用于miRNA恢复,从而挑战了专门miRNA套件的必要性.
优化提取方法对于提高基于miRNA的法医分析的准确性和可靠性至关重要.

关键词:

身体液体识别 (BFID) 系统这是DNA/RNA.法医遗传学法医遗传学法医科学法医科学这是一个微型RNA.这是唾液的唾液.

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