增加STEM职业兴趣:为代表性不足的少数民族设计的课外STEM课程的作用
Maria Dresser1, Kelly Miller2, Gerhard Sonnert3
1Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
PloS one
|November 7, 2025
概括
针对代表性不足的少数群体的校外STEM项目显著提高了高中生对STEM职业的兴趣. 这些有针对性的计划比一般的STEM计划产生更大的影响,培养多样化的劳动力.
科学领域:
- 教育教育教育教育教育教育.
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 劳动力发展 劳动力发展
背景情况:
- 多样化的科学,技术,工程和数学 (STEM) 劳动力对美国的国家利益至关重要.
- 尽管有努力,但在STEM就业中种族和民族差异仍然存在.
- 校外时间的STEM课程越来越多地被认为具有吸引学生参加STEM事业的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 调查美国大学生在课外时间参加STEM课程和STEM职业兴趣之间的关系.
- 为了比较专门为代表性不足的少数民族学生设计的STEM课程的有效性,与一般人口的STEM课程相比.
- 利用全国代表性的数据集,提供有关计划影响的可靠研究结果.
主要方法:
- 美国14,176名大学生的全国代表性样本的分析.
- 调查高中课外时间参与STEM计划和报告的STEM职业兴趣之间的关联.
- 统计比较了参加少数民族专注于STEM课程,一般的STEM课程和没有STEM课程的学生.
主要成果:
- 与没有参加课程的学生相比,参加代表性不足的少数民族的STEM课程的学生报告STEM职业兴趣的几率是2.4倍.
- 与没有参加课程的学生相比,参加一般人口STEM课程的学生报告STEM职业兴趣的几率是1.3倍.
- 与一般程序参与者相比,以少数群体为重点的STEM项目参与者有1.9倍的机会渴望进入STEM职业.
结论:
- 专门为代表性不足的少数民族设计的校外STEM计划在培养STEM职业兴趣方面非常有效.
- 与一般课程相比,有针对性的STEM课程对职业兴趣的影响要大得多.
- 建议进一步开发和资助以少数群体为中心的STEM计划,以促进多元化和公平的STEM劳动力.
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