自然语音分析可以揭示成年人一生中执行功能的个体差异
Hsi T Wei1,2, Dana Kulzhabayeva1,2, Lella Erceg2,3
1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR
|November 7, 2025
概括
语音不流,或难以找到单词,与成年人一生中的执行功能 (EF) 衰退有关. 这表明自然语音分析是评估认知衰老的敏感工具.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 认知能力下降,特别是执行功能 (EF),是正常衰老的标志.
- 追踪EF的纵向变化是具有挑战性的,因为实践的影响.
- 自动语音分析为认知评估提供了一个有希望的,非侵入性的方法.
研究的目的:
- 在整个生命周期中调查健康成年人语音特征和执行功能 (EF) 之间的关系.
- 确定语音分析是否可以检测超出病理衰老的与年龄相关的认知变化.
- 探索自然主义演讲作为一般认知能力的敏感衡量标准的实用性.
主要方法:
- 两项研究收集了健康成年人的音频图片描述和执行功能 (EF) 评估 (N=241).
- 语音特征被汇总成语言复合分数和主要组件.
- 分析了语音测量和EF之间的关系,控制年龄,性别和教育程度.
主要成果:
- 在老年人中,语音失调 (词汇寻找困难) 与EF显著相关 (研究1).
- 在整个成年人一生中,语言流和EF之间的这些关联得到了证实 (研究2).
- 其他语音特征,如信息单元和连贯性,与EF和认知得分的关联较弱,不显著.
结论:
- 在自然语言中寻找单词的能力与整个成年期的一般执行功能 (EF) 有关.
- 自动分析自然语音,特别是失语,为评估认知衰老提供了一种方便而敏感的方法.
- 基于语音的评估有可能跟踪正常衰老中的认知变化.
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