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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
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Updated: Jan 12, 2026

Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment
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在固体癌症中解读瘤和免疫细胞相互作用的空间动态.

Eleanor Minogue1, Pilar Baldominos1, Lauren Hsu2

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概括

了解瘤细胞表型对于解决免疫疗法耐药性至关重要. 将癌细胞异质性整合到空间分析中,揭示了驱动瘤免疫微环境 (TIME) 多样性的机制.

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科学领域:

  • 在瘤学瘤学.
  • 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
  • 癌症生物学 癌症生物学

背景情况:

  • 瘤免疫微环境 (TIME) 的空间景观是固体瘤免疫疗法耐药性的关键因素.
  • 目前的研究主要集中在瘤内的免疫细胞上,忽视了瘤细胞表型的作用.
  • 癌细胞通过代谢物分泌和耗尽,积极影响其微环境.

研究的目的:

  • 突出癌细胞表型异质性在理解 TIME 多样性的重要性.
  • 建议将癌细胞表型整合到空间分析中,以便全面了解时间.
  • 通过考虑免疫和癌细胞来确定免疫疗法耐药性的基础机制.

主要方法:

  • 实体瘤的空间分析.
  • 癌细胞的表型特征.
  • 瘤微环境的代谢分析.

主要成果:

  • 瘤细胞表型对 TIME 的空间组织和多样性做出了重大贡献.
  • 特定的癌细胞表型与TIME内的不同的代谢概况有关.
  • 忽视癌细胞异质性导致对免疫疗法耐药性的不完全理解.

结论:

  • 将癌细胞的表型异质性整合到空间分析中,对于破译 TIME 多样性至关重要.
  • 对TIME的全面理解,包括癌细胞表型,对于克服免疫疗法耐药性至关重要.
  • 未来的研究应该集中在癌症细胞表型和免疫细胞功能之间的相互作用.