预期受损:儿科能力主义的挑战
Paige Terrien Church1, Rudaina Banihani2, Amy Rule3
1Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
The Lancet. Child & adolescent health
|November 7, 2025
概括
儿科中的"正常"概念创造了能力主义,对残疾儿童产生了负面影响. 这种观点挑战了这种二元论,倡导一种基于优势的方法,重视多元化的发展.
科学领域:
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 关于残疾人的研究.
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
背景情况:
- 传统的儿科看法是:
研究的目的:
- 检查残疾定义的历史演变.
- 批判性地分析构建的结构.
主要方法:
- 关于儿科中有能力症的文献综述.
- 对残疾影响的全球视角评估.
- 探索残疾中的弹性和适应能力.
主要成果:
- 儿科中正常的二进制概念强加了一个有问题的框架.
- 能力主义是对单一规范的偏见,减少了变化,影响了多个系统.
- 识别了各种类型的残疾及其对儿童,家庭和社区的影响.
结论:
- 在儿童健康中挑战正常的构造至关重要.
- 促进包容性,以优势为基础的残疾方法改善了儿科护理.
- 珍视多样化的发展途径和解构硬的规范期望是必不可少的.
更多相关视频
08:26Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy
Published on: January 11, 2016
12.5K
08:42A Familiarization Protocol Facilitates the Participation of Children with ASD in Electrophysiological Research
Published on: July 31, 2017
8.7K
相关概念视频
01:19Autism Spectrum Disorder
931
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
931
01:25Learning Disabilities
559
Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
559
01:23Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
234
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
234
01:26Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
197
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
197
01:24Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism
182
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
182
01:21Barriers to Effective Communication II
4.5K
The barriers to effective communication also include cultural barriers, semantic barriers, gender barriers, and time constraints.
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
Cultural barriers:
Differences in values, beliefs, religion, knowledge, and tradition can significantly impact communication. Awareness of nonverbal cues is critical, especially when conversing with a patient from a different culture. What appears appropriate in one culture may be inappropriate in another.
Semantic barriers:
As a result of their tendency to use...
4.5K