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在美国成年人中,慢性病的患病率和意识
Jingyi Gong1,2, Muthiah Vaduganathan3,4, Rishi K Wadhera1,3
1Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
JAMA cardiology
|November 8, 2025
概括
慢性病 (CKD) 影响美国6个心脏代谢疾病的成年人中的1个,但意识仍然很低. 有针对性的干预措施对于改善CKD的诊断和管理至关重要.
科学领域:
- 腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 慢性病 (CKD) 是一种普遍的疾病,经常与心脏代谢风险因素和心血管疾病 (CVD) 一起发生.
- 了解CKD的患病率和意识对于公共卫生倡议至关重要.
- 早期发现和治疗CKD可以减轻相关风险.
研究的目的:
- 评估美国成年人中CKD的患病率和认识.
- 专门评估患有心脏代谢风险因素或心血管疾病的个体的CKD患病率和意识.
- 随着时间的推移,识别CKD患病率和意识的趋势.
主要方法:
- 一个连续的横截面研究,利用了国家健康和营养检查调查 (2011年 - 2020年3月) 的数据.
- 包括20岁及以上的美国成年人.
- 通过估计的淋巴膜过率 (<60毫升/分钟/1.73米2) 或白蛋白与肌素的比率 (≥30毫克/克) 定义的CKD;通过自我报告评估的意识.
主要成果:
- 美国成年人的整体CKD患病率为14.6%,只有12.3%的人知道他们的病情.
- 在患有心脏代谢风险因素或心血管疾病的成年人中,CKD患病率为16.7%,认识率为13.2%.
- 意识差距在年轻成年人,女性和西班牙裔个人中最为明显,尽管整体意识的适度增加集中在老年男性和非西班牙裔白人成年人中.
结论:
- 慢性病影响了美国成年人的很大一部分,特别是那些患有心脏代谢疾病的人.
- 人们对CKD的认识很低,这凸显了公共卫生中的一个关键差距.
- 有很大的机会来提高CKD的认识和管理策略,特别是在服务不足的人口结构中.
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