在纳米布的持续狩猎期间,人类的能量消耗和温度调节
Martin Hora1, Robi Dattatreya2, Michal Struška1
1Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Charles University, Viničná 7, Prague 12800, Czech Republic.
Journal of human evolution
|November 8, 2025
概括
在纳米布沙漠的坚持狩猎证明是有活力的和热量可控的,即使对于未经适应的个人来说也是如此. 这种古代人类的狩猎策略产生了显著的热量回报,支持其在人类进化中的作用.
科学领域:
- 人类进化人类进化
- 古人类学古人类学.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 假设坚持狩猎对人类进化至关重要,它会影响耐力,能量和温度调节.
- 来自这种狩猎的直接生理数据很少,特别是在干旱的环境中,很少.
研究的目的:
- 为在干旱环境中从持续狩猎活动中提供第一个直接的生理测量.
- 评估持续狩猎的能源可行性和热管理能力.
主要方法:
- 在纳米布沙漠与一个未经适应的超级跑者和三个适应的猎人一起进行了六次Oryx gazella的坚持追逐.
- 记录的生理数据,包括能源消耗,水循环和核心体温,超过49.5公里和7.8小时,跨越3天.
主要成果:
- 成功的狩猎每人每小时产生1882至3727卡路里,超过了典型的狩猎采集者回报.
- 每天的能源消耗 (5024 kcal/day) 和水的流量 (11.4 L/day) 虽然很高,但是可持续的.
- 猎人保持安全的核心温度 (≤39°C),尽管环境温度高 (36-41°C),而猎物变得超热 (44°C).
结论:
- 在干旱环境中持续狩猎在能源上是可行的,在热量上是可以管理的,即使对于未经适应的个人来说也是如此.
- 跑步的比例很低,这表明早期人类缺乏先进的跑步适应性是可行的.
- 这些发现支持持续狩猎在人类进化适应中的重要作用.
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