高强度间歇训练和适度强度连续训练对休息温度调节和心率波动的影响,以适应热量
1School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Journal of thermal biology
|November 9, 2025
概括
在热适应期间的高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 显著改善了温度调节和心率变化 (HRV). 在HA期间,中等强度持续训练 (MICT) 仅降低了心率,突出了HIIT.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 环境生理学环境生理学
- 热调节 热调节 热调节
背景情况:
- 热适应 (HA) 协议对于改善对热应激的生理反应至关重要.
- 对HA的最佳训练方式,特别是关于温度调节和心血管功能,仍在研究中.
- 高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和中等强度持续训练 (MICT) 代表了不同的运动范式,对生理适应有潜在不同的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较HIIT与MICT在5天热适应协议期间对休息温度调节和心率变化 (HRV) 的影响.
- 调查环境温度 (正常与热) 对HIIT和MICT基于热适应的疗效的影响.
主要方法:
- 48名男性大学生被随机分配到四个组:N-MICT,H-MICT,N-HIIT和H-HIIT.
- 参与者在正常 (23°C) 或热 (32°C) 条件下连续5天接受MICT (50%最大功率) 或HIIT (3分钟80%最大功率,休息2分钟).
- 在干预之前和之后测量了休息核心温度 (Tcore),平均皮肤温度 (Tskin),心率 (HR) 和HRV.
主要成果:
- 基于HIIT的HA显著降低了Tcore,Tskin和HR,同时改善了HRV.
- 基于MICT的HA显著降低了HR,但没有改变Tcore,Tskin或HRV.
- 与H-MICT组相比,H-HIIT组在Tcore和HR中表现出更大的减少,以及更明显的HRV改善 (RMSSD,pNN50). 在H-HIIT中皮肤也比干预后的N-HIIT更低.
结论:
- 基于HIIT的5天热适应方案有效地提高了温度调节能力和心血管功能,体温降低和HRV改善表明了这一点.
- 在热度适应期间,HIIT似乎是一个比MICT更强大的刺激,可以诱导热调节和HRV的有益适应.
- 这些发现表明,基于HIIT的HA协议可以成为改善对热应激的生理弹性的一种有价值的策略.
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