让私有化成为公共化:在内部国家建立外部基础
Friedemann Pulvermüller1, Michael Pauen2
1Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, WE4, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany; Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Matters of Activity", Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany.
Physics of life reviews
|November 9, 2025
概括
语义学习依赖于外部观察,而不仅仅是私人内省,以理解心理状态. 这种外观的方法突出了社会互动在接地语言和概念.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 经典的认知理论将单词的含义固定在内部概念中,但未能解释符号的可解释性.
- 体现理论将具体的符号与感知/行动联系起来,但仍然依赖于对心理术语的内省.
- 理论家们争论公共语言如何可以建立在私人,对内在状态的内观访问的基础上.
研究的目的:
- 挑战在语义学习中基于内观的内在状态分类的必要性和可能性.
- 通过社会互动提出心理概念的"外观"解释,通过社会互动奠定基础.
- 调查外部观察者在语义和精神状态分类中的作用.
主要方法:
- 审查现有的关于第三人证据在解释内部状态中的作用的观察.
- 对有缺陷的个体进行经验研究的分析,将内部经验与外部行为联系起来.
- 语义学习的交互式,外观模型的理论论证.
主要成果:
- 纯粹基于内观的内在状态的分类对于语义学习是不可能的,也不需要的.
- 精神概念的语义学习是一种涉及外部观察者的交互过程.
- 第三人称证据和行为信息对于识别和分类心理状态至关重要.
结论:
- 语言的获取和含义是基于社会互动和外部观察,而不仅仅是私人内省.
- 一个外观的方法提供了一个更可行的帐户,如何公共语言是建立在精神状态的共享理解.
- 在将第一人称体验与可观察的行为联系起来方面存在的缺陷,会损害对心理词汇的理解.
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