了解癌症发病率和死亡率中的年龄和性别差异:国际基于人口的研究
Nolwen Rodet1, Hana Zahed1, Murielle Colombet1
1International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
International journal of cancer
|November 10, 2025
概括
癌症发病率和死亡率在四个年龄段显示出明显的性别差异. 这项研究量化了这些特定年龄的男性与女性的比例,这对于有针对性的癌症预防和资源分配至关重要.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 之前的研究集中在特定地点的男性与女性 (M:F) 癌症比率上,以获得病因学的见解.
- 没有先前的研究全面量化了总体癌症负担中的与年龄相关的性别差异.
研究的目的:
- 描述总癌症发病率和死亡率中性别差异的特定年龄模式和时间.
- 为了确定M:F比率达到峰值并在整个寿命中逆转的年龄.
- 提供支持性别适当的癌症预防和瘤学资源分配的数据.
主要方法:
- 利用国际癌症研究机构 (IARC) 在五大洲的癌症发病率 (2013-17) 和GLOBOCAN死亡率 (2022) 的数据.
- 在60-69个国家分析了所有癌症部位的M:F比率 (不包括非黑色素瘤皮肤癌).
- 癌症发病率和死亡率的性别差异峰值和逆转的估计年龄.
主要成果:
- 在全球范围内观察到,癌症发病率的性别差异呈现一致的四个时期模式.
- 第1期:生命早期的男性过量 (直到21岁).
- 第2期:女性多次多余,直到59岁,在41岁达到顶峰 (F:M 2.4:1).
- 第3期:男性显著多余,在73岁达到顶峰 (M:F 1.5:1).
- 第4期:在高预期寿命国家,女性癌症负担在≥85岁时过多.
- 对死亡率观察到类似的模式,时间较短的第二期.
结论:
- 这项研究定义了四个不同的年龄段,其特点是癌症负担中的交替性别差异.
- 这些发现突显了癌症中性别差异的动态性质.
- 重要数据,以告知性别特定的癌症控制策略和资源分配.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
Cancer Survival Analysis
634
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
634
Statistical Methods for Analyzing Epidemiological Data
888
Epidemiological data primarily involves information on specific populations' occurrence, distribution, and determinants of health and diseases. This data is crucial for understanding disease patterns and impacts, aiding public health decision-making and disease prevention strategies. The analysis of epidemiological data employs various statistical methods to interpret health-related data effectively. Here are some commonly used methods:
888
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
542
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
542
Longitudinal Research
13.0K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
13.0K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
1.2K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
1.2K
Actuarial Approach
281
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
281


