不对称的化氧烯单溶剂电解质使高压和长周期金属电池成为可能
Wei Sun1, Qian Yu1, Haoran Tian1
1Ningbo Innovation Team on New Energies and Marine Applications, Faculty of Maritime and Transportation, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
|November 10, 2025
概括
使用 (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trimethoxy silane (TTMS) 的新电解质使高压金属电池与富含氧化物阴极 (NCM811) 在4.8V稳定循环,在300个循环后达到84.5%的容量保留.
科学领域:
- 电化学 电化学 电化学
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能 储能
背景情况:
- 高压金属电池,特别是那些使用富含的氧化物阴极,如LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811),提供高能量密度潜力 (高达500Wh kg-1).
- 在超高电压 (>4.6V) 时,NCM811阴极和阳极发生严重的接口副作用,限制了电池的性能和寿命.
- 现有的电解质溶液经常分解,导致工作电压降低和循环稳定性不足.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种新的电解质系统,以提高NCM811阴极和金属阳极在超高电压下的兼容性.
- 为了克服高压金属电池中电解质分解和界面副作用反应的局限性.
- 为了实现长期稳定的循环性能,在超过4.6V的电压下工作的Liidiye NCM811电池中使用.
主要方法:
- 将 (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) trimethoxy silane (TTMS),一种不对称的化单溶剂,引入电解质配方中.
- 一个2.1mol L-1 LiFSI/TTMS电解质的设计,具有强和弱溶解组.
- 研究电解质的溶解结构及其对电极-电解质接口间相间形成的影响.
主要成果:
- LiFSI/TTMS电解质与NCM811阴极和金属阳极都表现出极好的兼容性.
- 电解质促进了稳定,富含无机物之间的相间层的形成,这归因于独特的阳离子主导溶解结构.
- 在4.8V的超高电压下,实现了Liidiye NCM811电池的稳定循环,在300个循环后保持了84.5%的容量.
- 在300个循环中,即使在极端条件下,包括高温 (60°C) 和没有阳极的配置,也观察到显著的容量保留 (>80%).
结论:
- 开发的LiFSI/TTMS电解质有效地抑制了在超高电压下接口的副作用反应.
- 使用不对称的化溶剂 (如TTMS) 的电解质工程是推进超高压和长循环电池系统的有希望的策略.
- 这项工作突出了下一代金属电池实现高能量密度和长周期寿命的潜力.
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