高血压管理中药理和非药理干预措施的比较有效性:系统性审查和元分析
Bandar A Almabruk1, Lana S Alturki2, Abdullah M Alghamdi3
1Department of Internal Medicine, King Salman Hospital Riyadh, Riyadh, SAU.
Cureus
|November 10, 2025
概括
药物治疗和生活方式的改变都能有效地降低血压 (BP). 综合策略提供最大的血压降低,而药物提供优越的目标控制和降低死亡率.
科学领域:
- 心血管医学 心血管医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 基于证据的医学基于证据的医学.
背景情况:
- 高血压是一个重要的全球健康问题,增加了中风,心脏病和功能衰竭的风险.
- 药理疗法是标准的,但面临着诸如坚持,成本和副作用等挑战.
- 生活方式干预提供了相似的好处,降低了风险.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和比较药物,非药物和联合干预措施对高血压管理的有效性.
- 分析对血压的影响,目标实现,死亡率和代谢结果.
主要方法:
- 在2015年至2025年期间发表的研究的PRISMA引导系统审查.
- 在PubMed和谷歌学者中进行的搜索.
- 包括21项研究 (n > 63,000) 涉及成人高血压患者.
主要成果:
- 所有干预类型都显示出显著的血压 (BP) 降低.
- 综合策略显示了最大的综合性缩血压降低 (-8.37 mmHg).
- 药物治疗实现了最高的目标血压控制 (67.8%) 和最低的死亡率 (3.7%).
- 非药物干预产生了最大的舒张血压降低 (-6.77 mmHg).
- 综合策略导致适度的BMI和胆固醇降低.
结论:
- 药物和非药物干预措施都能有效地控制高血压.
- 综合方法提供了最实质性的BP降低.
- 药理疗法在实现目标血压和降低死亡率方面表现出色.
- 生活方式干预积极影响代谢参数,如BMI和胆固醇.
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