在中国的老年人中,多病症模式与日常生活活动功能之间的关联:基于人口的纵向队列研究
Rui Li1,2, Bizhong Che1,3, Wenjuan Xiao1,4
1Global Health Institute, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
BMC geriatrics
|November 11, 2025
概括
多病症,即多种慢性疾病的存在,增加了中国老年人日常生活残疾的风险. 城市居住和教育水平等社会人口统计学因素影响了这一关联.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 慢性疾病流行病学 慢性疾病流行病学
背景情况:
- 老年人面临多种非传染性慢性病的高风险,导致功能衰退.
- 社会人口学因素对多病症和日常生活活动 (ADLs) 之间的联系的影响需要进一步研究.
研究的目的:
- 在中国老年人中识别明显的多病症模式.
- 检查这些模式与基本ADL (BADL) 和工具ADL (IADL) 障碍之间的关联.
- 探索社会人口统计学因素如何改变这些关联.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自中国健康与退休长度研究的五个波 (2011-2020年) 的14018名老年人 (≥60岁) 的数据.
- 采用探索性因子分析,在13种慢性疾病中确定多病症模式.
- 应用混合效应模型和分层分析来评估多病态模式和ADL残疾之间的关联,考虑社会人口统计学影响.
主要成果:
- 确定了四种多病态模式:内脏骨,呼吸道,神经退行性和心脏代谢性疾病.
- 在所有多病症模式中得分更高与BADL和IADL残疾风险增加相关,特别是神经退行性模式.
- 关联因社会人口学因素而改变;神经退行性疾病在城市居民中与残疾有更强的联系,而心脏代谢性疾病在受过教育的人中与IADL残疾有相反的关联.
结论:
- 多种疾病在中国老年人中普遍存在,并且独立地与ADL功能衰退的更高风险有关.
- 居住区和教育水平显著改变了多病症模式和ADL残疾之间的关系.
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