癌症管理中的不良事件和大麻素使用:系统性审查
1Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA tsosor@gmu.edu.
BMJ supportive & palliative care
|November 11, 2025
概括
癌症治疗中的大麻素疗法经常导致胃肠道,神经和精神方面的副作用. 临床医生应在癌症患者中仔细平衡潜在的益处与这些不良事件 (AE).
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 药理学 药理学是指药理学的学科.
- 基于证据的医学基于证据的医学.
背景情况:
- 基于大麻素的疗法在瘤学中越来越多地用于症状管理,包括疼痛和恶心.
- 在癌症患者中广泛采用的这些大麻素疗法的安全性需要全面评估.
- 本系统性审查侧重于癌症大麻素治疗的随机对照试验 (RCT) 中报告的不良事件 (AE).
研究的目的:
- 在成人癌症患者中,系统地审查和综合与基于大麻素的疗法相关的不良事件 (AE).
- 确定随机对照试验 (RCT) 中报告的副作用的类型和频率,这些随机对照试验涉及接受大麻素治疗的癌症患者.
- 在息和支持性癌症护理中提供大麻素疗法的安全景观的概述.
主要方法:
- 从2015年1月到2025年3月,在PubMed,CINAHL和Web of Science进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 包括的研究是随机对照试验 (RCT),涉及接受大麻素治疗和报告不良事件 (AE) 的成年癌症患者.
- 数据提取侧重于研究特征,干预细节,并对有害事象进行分类,遵守PRISMA 2020指南.
主要成果:
- 包括14个RCT,样本大小从12到399名参与者,干预时间从48小时到12个月.
- 所有包括的研究都报告了不良事件 (AE),最常见的是影响胃肠道,神经和精神系统.
- 偏差风险评估表明,10项研究存在"一些担忧",2项由于报告或选择偏差而具有"高风险".
结论:
- 癌症患者的大麻素治疗与广泛的不良事件有关,特别是影响胃肠道和神经系统.
- 虽然提供了潜在的症状缓解,但大麻素治疗的好处必须仔细对其相关风险进行权衡.
- 未来的研究应该优先考虑更大的样本大小,延长的随访期,以及对大麻素癌症疗法不良事件的标准化报告.
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