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保存的非编码元素的丧失很可能塑造了洞穴鱼回归表型的进化
Mohan Lal1, Jui Bhattacharya1, Kuljeet Singh Sandhu1
1Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER)-Mohali, Knowledge city, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO 140306, India.
Genome biology and evolution
|November 11, 2025
概括
墨西哥洞穴鱼的非编码元素的丧失解释了视力和大脑发育的进化变化. 这种调节元素的损失抑制了发育途径,导致洞穴适应表型.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
背景情况:
- 墨西哥洞穴鱼 (Astyanax mexicanus) 是研究洞穴适应的一个关键模型,它与其表面居住的亲属有显著的特征分歧.
- 这些广泛的表型差异的遗传基础在很大程度上仍然无法解释,因为在洞穴形态中发现的蛋白质编码变体很少.
研究的目的:
- 研究非编码元素在墨西哥洞穴鱼的进化适应中的作用.
- 确定洞穴变形中丢失的调节区域及其对基因表达和发育的影响.
主要方法:
- 五个远端物种的全基因组对齐,以确定保存的非编码元素 (CNEs).
- 洞穴鱼形态中CNE的分析,包括基因组修饰和转录因子结合位点分析.
- 在洞穴和表面形态的胚胎发育期间的基因表达分析.
主要成果:
- 确定了46914个CNE,其中473个在洞穴形态变化中丧失.
- 洞穴鱼中丢失的CNE显示出活性调节元素的特征,并且位于对眼睛和神经系统发育至关重要的基因附近.
- 与表面形态相比,在洞穴形态胚胎发育过程中,与丢失的CNE相邻的基因表现出下调的表达.
结论:
- 保存的非编码元件的损失,作为远程调节元件,可能导致墨西哥洞穴鱼的发育途径受到抑制.
- 这种调节元件的损失为洞穴形态生物中观察到的表型的进化回归提供了潜在的解释,例如视力和大脑形态学.
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