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Updated: Jan 11, 2026

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大型语言模型在临床问题解决中的局限性来自于不灵活的推理

Jonathan Kim1, Anna Podlasek2, Kie Shidara3

  • 1Department of Neurology and Neurologic Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

Scientific reports
|November 11, 2025
PubMed
概括

大型语言模型 (LLM) 显示出临床推理的局限性,尽管在基准测试中得分高. 新的测试显示,LLM在灵活解决医疗问题方面扎,并表现出过度自信.

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Reasoning is the action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way. It is integral to problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking. Reasoning can be inductive or deductive. Reasoning involves transforming information into conclusions, which is essential for problem-solving, decision-making, and critical thinking.
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Effective problem-solving consists of two steps: 1. identifying the problem and 2. selecting the appropriate problem-solving strategy (i.e., a plan of action used to find a solution). Humans use four problem-solving strategies:
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