人工智能诊断性能在基于图像的易受伤害的状腺斑块检测:一个系统的审查和元分析
Yuyao Feng1, Leyin Xu1, Jiang Shao1
1Department of Vascular Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
BMC medical informatics and decision making
|November 11, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在识别不稳定的动脉斑块以预防中风方面表现出强大的诊断性能. 需要进一步验证,以确保人工智能工具在临床使用中可靠.
科学领域:
- 医学成像分析 医学成像分析
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
- 心血管疾病的诊断 心血管疾病的诊断
背景情况:
- 动脉动脉样硬化是由于栓塞事件导致缺血性中风的主要原因.
- 准确识别不稳定的动脉斑块对于预防中风的策略至关重要.
- 人工智能 (AI) 提供了改善斑块风险分层的潜力.
研究的目的:
- 用医学成像来评估人工智能算法的诊断性能,以区分不稳定和稳定的动脉斑块.
- 综合人工智能的准确性证据,用于评估中风风险的状腺斑块特征.
主要方法:
- 从医学图像中对使用人工智能用于识别不稳定的动脉斑块的研究进行了系统的审查和元分析.
- 在主要数据库 (Medline,Embase,Web of Science,IEEE,PubMed,Cochrane Library) 进行的搜索,截至2023年6月.
- 使用QUADAS-AI.AI提取了诊断准确度指标 (灵敏度,特异性,AUC) 并评估了偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 对14项研究的元分析 (从31项审查中) 显示,综合灵敏度为91%,特异性为84%,AUC为0.94.
- 发现了显著的异质性 (I2>90%) 和有限的外部验证 (1项研究),影响了概括性.
- 根据样本大小,AI类型 (ML/DL),细分方法和出版年份,AI的表现各不相同,尽管观察到出版偏差.
结论:
- 人工智能算法在识别不稳定的动脉斑块方面表现出有希望的诊断性能.
- 未来的研究必须优先考虑严格的外部验证和AI模型的普遍性.
- 提高人工智能可解释性对于在中风预防方面取得成功的临床转化至关重要.
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