自我调节焦点预测日常记忆策略 适用于老年人,但不是年轻人,成年人
Tara T Lineweaver1, Shelby Terwillegar1, Nathan J Aardsma1
1Department of Psychology, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana USA.
Experimental aging research
|November 12, 2025
概括
年长的成年人使用记忆策略不同于年轻的成年人,受他们的自我调节焦点和记忆信念的影响. 根据个人的记忆自我效能量身定制策略,可以提高老年人的记忆表现.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 人类发展 人类发展
背景情况:
- 自主监管的重点影响目标追求和战略选择.
- 记忆信念,如自我效能和控制,对于有效的记忆功能至关重要.
- 在使用记忆策略和自我调节焦点上存在与年龄相关的差异.
研究的目的:
- 研究记忆特异性自我调节重点 (预防和促进) 如何指导年轻人和老年人使用记忆策略.
- 检查记忆信念和策略感知在自我调节焦点和记忆策略使用之间的关系中的调解作用.
- 为了比较不同年龄组的"使用它或失去它"和以任务为中心的策略的使用情况.
主要方法:
- 使用结构方程建模分析了来自164名年轻成年人 (18-23岁) 和204名老年人 (68-75) 的数据.
- 评估了参与者的自我调节焦点,记忆信念 (自我有效性,现在/未来控制) 和记忆策略的使用.
- 该研究模拟了自我调节焦点对策略选择的影响,考虑了记忆信念和战略焦点的调解.
主要成果:
- 与年轻人相比,老年人表现出更强烈的基于预防和基于促进的自我监管重点.
- 对于老年人来说,自我调节的重点显著预测了记忆策略的使用 (两种类型),由记忆信念介导.
- 自我调节的重点没有预测年轻成年人的记忆策略使用.
结论:
- 记忆信念和自我调节焦点是老年人记忆策略选择的关键决定因素.
- 鼓励以促进或预防为重点的方法,根据个人记忆的自我有效性量身定制,可以优化老年人日常生活中的战略使用.
- 了解自我调节和记忆信念的年龄相关差异对于开发有效的记忆干预至关重要.
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