真实或假想的奖励是否有助于创造性表现? 奖励对创造性解决问题的影响
Can Cui1, Yiting Long2, Yueqing Dong3
1Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. c.cui@xzhmu.edu.cn.
Psychological research
|November 12, 2025
概括
真实和假想的奖励对创造性问题解决有不同的影响. 假设的奖励提高了灵活性,而实际的奖励提高了坚持,低奖励通常优于更好的创意解决方案的高奖励.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 创造力研究 创意研究
背景情况:
- 人们认为奖励线索可以提高创造性表现.
- 奖励影响创造性问题解决状态 (灵活性和坚持) 的具体机制尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 通过操纵灵活性和坚持,调查真实与假设奖励如何影响创造性解决问题.
- 测试奖励类型对要求灵活性或持久性的任务的影响.
- 检查奖励大小 (低与高) 对创造性表现的影响.
主要方法:
- 在实验条件下利用真实和假设奖励.
- 采用了两种不同的创意解决问题的任务:复合远程协作 (CRA) 和碎片分解 (CD).
- 与灵活性和持久性状态相关的测量性能指标.
主要成果:
- 假设的奖励,特别是高的奖励,导致解决方案性能低于其他条件.
- 假设奖励提高了在需要认知重新配置的新碎片分解任务上的表现.
- 受实际奖励激励的参与者表现出比受假设奖励激励的参与者更大的坚持.
- 在准备间隔期间的假设奖励诱导了一种偏差的元控制,有利于认知灵活性.
结论:
- 奖励的类型 (真实与假设) 不同地影响创造性解决问题的状态.
- 假设的奖励可能会促进认知灵活性,对诸如"碎片分解"之类的任务有益.
- 实际的奖励似乎促进了坚持,对于复合远程协作者等任务来说是有利的.
- 奖励的大小起着作用,高的假设奖励可能会阻碍表现.
- 研究结果表明,对奖励系统如何影响创造性思维方式和特定任务的认知状态有细微的了解.
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