超越偏见的思维:认知控制与政治动机的推理有什么关系?
Olaf Borghi1, Ben M Tappin2, Kaat Smets3
1Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK; Centre for the Politics of Feelings, School of Advanced Study, University of London, UK.
Cognition
|November 12, 2025
概括
认知控制,就像认知反射一样,可能不会显著地减少动机推理,特别是在政治中. 这挑战了那些认为认知技能可以克服信息处理中的意识形态偏见的理论.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 政治心理学 政治心理学
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
背景情况:
- 人们经常表现出有动机的推理,倾向于与他们的意识形态信仰相一致的信息.
- 认知控制在动机推理中的作用是有争议的:它是否增加或减少了偏见的处理?
- 现有的研究提供了相互矛盾的观点,即认知反射和抑制控制是否减轻或加剧了动机推理.
研究的目的:
- 研究认知控制 (认知反射,抑制控制) 和动机推理之间的关系.
- 测试"动机反射"假设,假设认知控制增强了动机推理.
- 检查认知控制是否可以帮助个人克服跨政治和非政治主题的定向动机推理.
主要方法:
- 一项预先注册的研究,涉及504名英国参与者.
- 参与者评价了4963条新闻消息,以评估有动机的推理.
- 统计分析检查了认知反射,抑制控制和动机推理之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 在政治和非政治话题中发现了动机推理的证据.
- 认知控制过程和动机推理之间的关联通常很小.
- 对政治话题的认知反思和有动机的推理之间的负面关联比积极的可能性更大,这与"有动机的反思"假设相矛盾.
- 对于抑制性控制的结果是不确定的.
结论:
- 认知控制,特别是认知反思,在克服动机推理方面可能发挥着有限的作用,特别是在政治领域.
- 这些发现挑战了"动机反射"假设,并表明认知控制不一定会减少信息处理中的意识形态偏见.
- 需要进一步的研究来澄清认知控制,动机推理和政治认知之间的复杂相互作用.
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