劳动年龄人口中的听力损失:2021年全球疾病负担研究的系统分析
Qidi Hu1,2, Wen Shen1, Lili Kong1
1Department of Otolaryngology, Jiaxing University Master Degree Cultivation Base, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
BMJ open
|November 12, 2025
概括
劳动年龄人口 (WAP) 中听力损失的全球负担正在增加,区域差异很大. 预测显示,到2040年,残疾病例和残疾年数将继续增加.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科 耳鼻喉科
背景情况:
- 听力损失对工作年龄人口 (WAP) 的生产率产生重大影响,WAP定义为年龄在15-64岁之间的个人.
- 关于这一关键人口群体中听力损失的患病率和负担的流行病学数据有限.
- 本研究通过分析WAP的全球,区域和国家听力损失趋势来解决这一差距.
研究的目的:
- 分析劳动年龄人口 (WAP) 中听力损失的全球,区域和国家流行和残疾负担.
- 预测到2040年WAP中听力损失的未来疾病负担.
- 通过不同社会人口统计指数 (SDI) 级别和地理区域识别听力损失的趋势和差异.
主要方法:
- 利用了2021年全球疾病负担 (GBD) 研究的数据,该研究涵盖了从1990年到2021年间的204个国家和地区.
- 包括15-64岁的个人,符合联合国对WAP的定义.
- 通过使用绝对数和年龄标准化率 (ASRs) 分析了患病率和残疾人生活年数 (YLDs),并通过估计年度百分比变化 (EAPC) 和使用Nordpred模型的预测进行了趋势分析.
主要成果:
- 全球听力损失病例在WAP从1990年的5.58亿人增加到2021年的10亿人,YLD从1445万人增加到2655万人.
- 根据年龄标准化的患病率和YLD显示上升趋势 (EAPC分别为0.11和0.10).
- 在大洋洲,东南亚,南亚,撒哈拉以南非洲东部和东亚观察到更高的流行率和YLD,马达加斯加,马拉维和肯尼亚报告了最高的比例;相反,高SDI地区的负担较低.
结论:
- 劳动年龄人口中听力损失的负担正在逐渐增加,在不同地区,国家和SDI水平之间存在显著差异.
- 需要紧急关注和有效干预,以减轻听力损失对这一人口群体日益增长的影响.
- 持续监测和有针对性的公共卫生战略对于减少未来的听力损失疾病负担至关重要.
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