塑造新皮质:放射性质细胞和星球细胞在发育和进化中的发展和进化
Federica Mosti1,2, Hiroshi Kawasaki3, Courtney Babbit4
1Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
概括
放射性质细胞 (RG) 和星球细胞驱动了灵长类动物的新皮层扩张. 人类特异性基因和天体细胞进化揭示了塑造灵长类动物和人类大脑的细胞创新.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 进行比较基因组学.
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物新皮层的扩张,特别是在灵长类动物中,是高级认知的关键.
- 这种扩张涉及增加大小,神经元输出和结构性适应,如折叠和质复杂性.
研究的目的:
- 审查放射性质细胞 (RG) 和天体细胞在新皮层扩张和进化中的作用.
- 突出遗传,表观遗传和细胞机制驱动这些变化,特别是在灵长类动物和人类.
主要方法:
- 对比转录和形态学研究的审查.
- 对灵长类动物和人类特定基因的分析.
- 检查表观遗传调节和色素结构.
主要成果:
- 灵长类动物特定的基因增强RG增殖和神经发生.
- RG形态促进了对外部信号的访问,促进了扩散和复杂性.
- 星球细胞在皮层折叠和大脑平衡中发挥作用.
- 人类星体细胞表现出独特的分子特征,代谢能力和形态复杂性.
结论:
- RG和星球细胞是新皮层进化和扩张的核心.
- 细胞创新,包括灵长类动物特异性基因和天体细胞适应,塑造了现代灵长类动物和人类的大脑.
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